raise RuntimeError when attempting to set or get a closed store

src/zarr/abc/store.py

@@ -52,10 +52,6 @@ async def _open(self) -> None:
                 raise FileExistsError("Store already exists")
         self._is_open = True
 
-    async def _ensure_open(self) -> None:
-        if not self._is_open:
-            await self._open()
-
     @abstractmethod
     async def empty(self) -> bool: ...
 

src/zarr/store/core.py

@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ async def make_store_path(
     elif isinstance(store_like, Store):
         if mode is not None:
             assert AccessMode.from_literal(mode) == store_like.mode
-        await store_like._ensure_open()
         return StorePath(store_like)
     elif store_like is None:
         if mode is None:

src/zarr/store/local.py

@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ class LocalStore(Store):
     root: Path
 
     def __init__(self, root: Path | str, *, mode: AccessModeLiteral = "r"):
-        super().__init__(mode=mode)
         if isinstance(root, str):
             root = Path(root)
         assert isinstance(root, Path)
         self.root = root
+        super().__init__(mode=mode)
 
     async def clear(self) -> None:
         self._check_writable()

src/zarr/store/memory.py

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ def __init__(
         *,
         mode: AccessModeLiteral = "r",
     ):
-        super().__init__(mode=mode)
         self._store_dict = store_dict or {}
+        super().__init__(mode=mode)
 
     async def empty(self) -> bool:
         return not self._store_dict
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ async def get(
         byte_range: tuple[int | None, int | None] | None = None,
     ) -> Buffer | None:
         if not self._is_open:
-            await self._open()
+            raise RuntimeError("Store is closed. Cannot `get` from a closed store.")
         assert isinstance(key, str)
         try:
             value = self._store_dict[key]
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ async def exists(self, key: str) -> bool:
 
     async def set(self, key: str, value: Buffer, byte_range: tuple[int, int] | None = None) -> None:
         if not self._is_open:
-            await self._open()
+            raise RuntimeError("Store is closed. Cannot `get` from a closed store.")
         self._check_writable()
         assert isinstance(key, str)
         if not isinstance(value, Buffer):

src/zarr/store/remote.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def __init__(
         storage_options: passed on to fsspec to make the filesystem instance. If url is a UPath,
             this must not be used.
         """
-        super().__init__(mode=mode)
+
         if isinstance(url, str):
             self._url = url.rstrip("/")
             self._fs, _path = fsspec.url_to_fs(url, **storage_options)
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ def __init__(
         # test instantiate file system
         if not self._fs.async_impl:
             raise TypeError("FileSystem needs to support async operations")
+        super().__init__(mode=mode)
 
     async def clear(self) -> None:
         try:

tests/v3/test_buffer.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import Any
+
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
@@ -20,19 +22,19 @@
 )
 
 
-def test_nd_array_like(xp):
+def test_nd_array_like(xp: Any) -> None:
     ary = xp.arange(10)
     assert isinstance(ary, ArrayLike)
     assert isinstance(ary, NDArrayLike)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_async_array_prototype():
+async def test_async_array_prototype() -> None:
     """Test the use of a custom buffer prototype"""
 
     expect = np.zeros((9, 9), dtype="uint16", order="F")
     a = await AsyncArray.create(
-        StorePath(StoreExpectingTestBuffer(mode="w")) / "test_async_array_prototype",
+        StorePath(await StoreExpectingTestBuffer.open(mode="w")) / "test_async_array_prototype",
         shape=expect.shape,
         chunk_shape=(5, 5),
         dtype=expect.dtype,
@@ -53,10 +55,10 @@ async def test_async_array_prototype():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_codecs_use_of_prototype():
+async def test_codecs_use_of_prototype() -> None:
     expect = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype="uint16", order="F")
     a = await AsyncArray.create(
-        StorePath(StoreExpectingTestBuffer(mode="w")) / "test_codecs_use_of_prototype",
+        StorePath(await StoreExpectingTestBuffer.open(mode="w")) / "test_codecs_use_of_prototype",
         shape=expect.shape,
         chunk_shape=(5, 5),
         dtype=expect.dtype,
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ async def test_codecs_use_of_prototype():
     assert np.array_equal(expect, got)
 
 
-def test_numpy_buffer_prototype():
+def test_numpy_buffer_prototype() -> None:
     buffer = numpy_buffer_prototype().buffer.create_zero_length()
     ndbuffer = numpy_buffer_prototype().nd_buffer.create(shape=(1, 2), dtype=np.dtype("int64"))
     assert isinstance(buffer.as_array_like(), np.ndarray)

tests/v3/test_config.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
     register_ndbuffer,
     register_pipeline,
 )
+from zarr.sync import sync
 from zarr.testing.buffer import (
     NDBufferUsingTestNDArrayLike,
     StoreExpectingTestBuffer,
@@ -191,11 +192,11 @@ def test_config_ndbuffer_implementation(store):
     assert isinstance(got, TestNDArrayLike)
 
 
-def test_config_buffer_implementation():
+def test_config_buffer_implementation() -> None:
     # has default value
     assert fully_qualified_name(get_buffer_class()) == config.defaults[0]["buffer"]
-
-    arr = zeros(shape=(100), store=StoreExpectingTestBuffer(mode="w"))
+    store = sync(StoreExpectingTestBuffer.open(mode="w"))
+    arr = zeros(shape=(100), store=store)
 
     # AssertionError of StoreExpectingTestBuffer when not using my buffer
     with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
@@ -213,15 +214,15 @@ def test_config_buffer_implementation():
     data2d = np.arange(1000).reshape(100, 10)
     arr_sharding = zeros(
         shape=(100, 10),
-        store=StoreExpectingTestBuffer(mode="w"),
+        store=sync(StoreExpectingTestBuffer.open(mode="w")),
         codecs=[ShardingCodec(chunk_shape=(10, 10))],
     )
     arr_sharding[:] = data2d
     assert np.array_equal(arr_sharding[:], data2d)
 
     arr_Crc32c = zeros(
         shape=(100, 10),
-        store=StoreExpectingTestBuffer(mode="w"),
+        store=sync(StoreExpectingTestBuffer.open(mode="w")),
         codecs=[BytesCodec(), Crc32cCodec()],
     )
     arr_Crc32c[:] = data2d

tests/v3/test_indexing.py

@@ -27,11 +27,12 @@
 from zarr.registry import get_ndbuffer_class
 from zarr.store.core import StorePath
 from zarr.store.memory import MemoryStore
+from zarr.sync import sync
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def store() -> Iterator[StorePath]:
-    yield StorePath(MemoryStore(mode="w"))
+    yield StorePath(sync(MemoryStore.open(mode="w")))
 
 
 def zarr_array_from_numpy_array(
@@ -1838,4 +1839,5 @@ def test_indexing_after_close(store: StorePath) -> None:
     a[:] = nparray
     assert a[:] == value
     store.store.close()
-    assert a[:] == value
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Store is closed"):
+        assert a[:] == value

tests/v3/test_store/test_memory.py

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ def store_kwargs(
         return {"store_dict": request.param, "mode": "r+"}
 
     @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-    def store(self, store_kwargs: str | None | dict[str, Buffer]) -> MemoryStore:
-        return self.store_cls(**store_kwargs)
+    async def store(self, store_kwargs: str | None | dict[str, Buffer]) -> MemoryStore:
+        return await self.store_cls.open(**store_kwargs)
 
     def test_store_repr(self, store: MemoryStore) -> None:
         assert str(store) == f"memory://{id(store._store_dict)}"