feat(feature): add git feature

src/git/NOTES.md

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+<h2 align="center">
+
+<img height="128" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Ragdata/media/master/project/ragsworks/logo/ragsworks-256.png" alt="Ragdata" />
+
+<a name="top">RagsWorks Git Feature</a>
+
+</h2>
+
+## ⚓ [OS Support](#top)
+
+This feature should work on recent versions of:
+
+- ✅ **Alpine**
+- ✅ **Debian/Ubuntu**
+
+Requires the following tools / utilities:
+
+- `bash`
+- `apt`

src/git/devcontainer-feature.json

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+{
+    "id": "git",
+    "version": "1.0.0",
+    "name": "Git Feature",
+    "documentationURL": "https://github.com/ragsworks/devcontainer-features/tree/master/src/git",
+    "description": "Installs the latest version of Git.",
+    "options": {
+        "version": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "proposals": [
+                "latest",
+                "os-provided"
+            ],
+            "default": "os-provided",
+            "description": "Select or enter preferred Git version"
+        },
+        "ppa": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "default": true,
+            "description": "Install from PPA if available"
+        }
+    },
+    "installsAfter": [
+        "ghcr.io/ragsworks/devcontainers-features/common-utils"
+    ]
+}

src/git/install.sh

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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+# ==================================================================
+# install.sh
+# ==================================================================
+# Install Git Feature
+#
+# File:         install.sh
+# Author:       Ragdata
+# Date:         25/06/2023
+# License:      MIT License
+# Copyright:    Copyright © 2023 Darren (Ragdata) Poulton
+# ==================================================================
+# ATTRIBUTION:	This script has been HEAVILY influenced & guided by
+#               the work of the Official Organization for the
+#               Development Containers Specification. (see
+#               ATTRIBUTION section of README.md for a link.)
+# COPYRIGHT:	Copyright © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+# ==================================================================
+# PREFLIGHT
+# ==================================================================
+GIT_VERSION=${VERSION} # 'system' checks the base image first, else installs 'latest'
+USE_PPA_IF_AVAILABLE=${PPA}
+GIT_CORE_PPA_ARCHIVE_GPG_KEY=E1DD270288B4E6030699E45FA1715D88E1DF1F24
+GPG_KEY_SERVERS="keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com
+keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org
+keyserver hkp://keyserver.pgp.com"
+# ==================================================================
+# MAIN
+# ==================================================================
+# Clean up
+rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# check that script is running as root
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
+	echo -e "Script MUST be run as root.  Use sudo, su or add 'User root' to your Dockerfile before running this script."
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Import the specified key in a variable name passed in as
+receive_gpg_keys() {
+    local keys=${!1}
+    local keyring_args=""
+    if [ -n "$2" ]; then
+        mkdir -p "$(dirname \"$2\")"
+        keyring_args="--no-default-keyring --keyring $2"
+    fi
+
+    # Use a temporary location for gpg keys to avoid polluting image
+    export GNUPGHOME="/tmp/tmp-gnupg"
+    mkdir -p ${GNUPGHOME}
+    chmod 700 ${GNUPGHOME}
+    echo -e "disable-ipv6\n${GPG_KEY_SERVERS}" > ${GNUPGHOME}/dirmngr.conf
+    # GPG key download sometimes fails for some reason and retrying fixes it.
+    local retry_count=0
+    local gpg_ok="false"
+    set +e
+    until [ "${gpg_ok}" = "true" ] || [ "${retry_count}" -eq "5" ];
+    do
+        echo "(*) Downloading GPG key..."
+        ( echo "${keys}" | xargs -n 1 gpg -q ${keyring_args} --recv-keys) 2>&1 && gpg_ok="true"
+        if [ "${gpg_ok}" != "true" ]; then
+            echo "(*) Failed getting key, retring in 10s..."
+            (( retry_count++ ))
+            sleep 10s
+        fi
+    done
+    set -e
+    if [ "${gpg_ok}" = "false" ]; then
+        echo "(!) Failed to get gpg key."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+apt_get_update()
+{
+    if [ "$(find /var/lib/apt/lists/* | wc -l)" = "0" ]; then
+        echo "Running apt-get update..."
+        apt-get update -y
+    fi
+}
+
+# Checks if packages are installed and installs them if not
+check_packages() {
+    if ! dpkg -s "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+        apt_get_update
+        apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends "$@"
+    fi
+}
+
+export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+# Source /etc/os-release to get OS info
+. /etc/os-release
+
+# If the os provided version is "good enough", just install that.
+if [ "${GIT_VERSION}" = "os-provided" ] || [ "${GIT_VERSION}" = "system" ]; then
+    if type git > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "Detected existing system install: $(git version)"
+        # Clean up
+        rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+        exit 0
+    fi
+
+    echo "Installing git from OS apt repository"
+    check_packages git
+    # Clean up
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+# If ubuntu, PPAs allowed, and latest - install from there
+# shellcheck disable=SC2235
+if ([ "${GIT_VERSION}" = "latest" ] || [ "${GIT_VERSION}" = "lts" ] || [ "${GIT_VERSION}" = "current" ]) && [ "${ID}" = "ubuntu" ] && [ "${USE_PPA_IF_AVAILABLE}" = "true" ]; then
+    echo "Using PPA to install latest git..."
+    check_packages apt-transport-https curl ca-certificates gnupg2 dirmngr
+    receive_gpg_keys GIT_CORE_PPA_ARCHIVE_GPG_KEY /usr/share/keyrings/gitcoreppa-archive-keyring.gpg
+    echo -e "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/gitcoreppa-archive-keyring.gpg] http://ppa.launchpad.net/git-core/ppa/ubuntu ${VERSION_CODENAME} main\ndeb-src [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/gitcoreppa-archive-keyring.gpg] http://ppa.launchpad.net/git-core/ppa/ubuntu ${VERSION_CODENAME} main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/git-core-ppa.list
+    apt-get update
+    apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends git
+    rm -rf "/tmp/tmp-gnupg"
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+# Install required packages to build if missing
+check_packages build-essential curl ca-certificates tar gettext libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libcurl?-openssl-dev libexpat1-dev
+
+# Partial version matching
+if [ "$(echo "${GIT_VERSION}" | grep -o '\.' | wc -l)" != "2" ]; then
+    requested_version="${GIT_VERSION}"
+    version_list="$(curl -sSL -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" "https://api.github.com/repos/git/git/tags" | grep -oP '"name":\s*"v\K[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+"' | tr -d '"' | sort -rV )"
+    if [ "${requested_version}" = "latest" ] || [ "${requested_version}" = "lts" ] || [ "${requested_version}" = "current" ]; then
+        GIT_VERSION="$(echo "${version_list}" | head -n 1)"
+    else
+        set +e
+        GIT_VERSION="$(echo "${version_list}" | grep -E -m 1 "^${requested_version//./\\.}([\\.\\s]|$)")"
+        set -e
+    fi
+    if [ -z "${GIT_VERSION}" ] || ! echo "${version_list}" | grep "^${GIT_VERSION//./\\.}$" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "Invalid git version: ${requested_version}" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+fi
+
+check_packages libpcre2-dev
+
+if [ "${VERSION_CODENAME}" = "focal" ] || [ "${VERSION_CODENAME}" = "bullseye" ]; then
+    check_packages libpcre2-posix2
+elif [ "${VERSION_CODENAME}" = "bionic" ] || [ "${VERSION_CODENAME}" = "buster" ]; then
+    check_packages libpcre2-posix0
+else
+    check_packages libpcre2-posix3
+fi
+
+echo "Downloading source for ${GIT_VERSION}..."
+curl -sL https://github.com/git/git/archive/v"${GIT_VERSION}".tar.gz | tar -xzC /tmp 2>&1
+echo "Building..."
+cd /tmp/git-"${GIT_VERSION}"
+make -s USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease prefix=/usr/local sysconfdir=/etc all && make -s USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease prefix=/usr/local sysconfdir=/etc install 2>&1
+rm -rf /tmp/git-"${GIT_VERSION}"
+rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+echo "Done!"
+