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Warning

This repository is for FreeNAS Corral (aka FreeNAS 10). This version is not supported and should not be used. Please see http://www.freenas.org/ for information on the current supported version of FreeNAS.

Welcome to the FreeNAS X CLI!

.. index:: table of contents

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Getting Started
  3. General Navigation TAB Autocomplete and Global commands
  4. Help command
  5. System information and configuration
  1. System information
  2. System configuration
  3. System session commands
  1. Network configuration
  1. Simple static IP setup
  1. Volume creation and management
  2. Sharing
  1. AFP Shares
  2. NFS Shares
  1. Account management
  1. Users
  2. Groups
  1. Containers
  1. Preface
  2. VMs
  1. Services
  1. Controlling services
  2. Configuring services
.. index:: introduction

Introduction

In FreeNAS 10, we have created an entirely new CLI which is intended to offer full feature parity with the GUI and well beyond, offering advanced user commands which would only add complexity and confusion to the GUI. Our goal was also to eliminate the need to use the Unix shell for that purpose as much as possible, giving users both high-level and more fine grained control over the appliance while still maintaining database integrity and logging these transactions properly. This CLI supports TAB autocompletion, inline help, and other sexy features that we hope will encourage its use!

.. index:: getting started

Getting Started

There are a number of different ways to access the cli:

  • From the console of the physical/VM box that you installed freenas on. By default, the cli is directly accessible from the console.
  • By sshing to the box and typing `cli` from the shell.
  • By accessing it from the webgui's console page: freenas_10_ip/console
  • By running it directly on your client machine and connecting to a remote FreeNAS instance (this is still an advanced class and not yet officially supported, though the CLI is a fairly simple python program)

One way or another, once you have invoked the cli, it greets you with this text:

Welcome to the FreeNAS CLI! Type 'help' to get started.

You may try the following URLs to access the web user interface:
http://fe80::20c:29ff:fe23:3173  http://192.168.221.136
http://192.168.221.152           http://fe80::20c:29ff:fe23:3169
127.0.0.1:>

Note

There may or may not be some kind of animal ASCII art involved here too. Do not worry, it is for your own protection.

The urls you see here are the various interfaces's providing you access to your freenas box's webgui.

Note

You may only see one (IPv4 and IPv6) pair if you just have one interface.

At any point, if you want to see these urls again just type `showurls` on the interactive cli prompt (from anywhere in the cli) to print them out again:

127.0.0.1:>showurls
You may try the following URLs to access the web user interface:
http://fe80::20c:29ff:fe23:3173  http://192.168.221.136
http://192.168.221.152           http://fe80::20c:29ff:fe23:3169

If you are running the cli from the shell (post sshing into the machine), you can exit it using `exit` at any time.

127.0.0.1:>exit
[root@myfreenas] ~#
.. index:: general navigation, tab auto, and global commands

General Navigation, TAB Autocomplete, and Global commands

At any point or place in the cli to see the list of available commands and namespaces, one can enter ? (or better referenced henceforth as the List Command). Also, the very top level namespace that you are dropped into upon first invoking the cli is called as the RootNamespace from here on forward for the purposes of this HOWTO document.

Whenever in doubt, press :kb:`?` (List Command) and see the list of avaible commands in your current namespace. For example, let us examine the output of this List Command from the RootNamespace:

127.0.0.1:>?
Builtin items:
eval     help     saveenv  history   sort    shutdown  showurls  echo
exclude  showips  search   printenv  limit   less      select    exit
top      setenv   clear    source    reboot  login     shell
Current namespace items:
help  account  calendar          disk     service  simulator  task    volume
?     boot     directoryservice  network  share    system     update
.. index:: help command

Help command

The `help` command is there to assist you with commands in the cli. To get an overview of the available commands, simply type `help`:

127.0.0.1:>help
    Command                               Description
/                  Go to the root namespace
..                 Go up one namespace
-                  Go back to previous namespace
?                  Provides list of commands in this namespace
help               Provides help on commands
share              Configure and manage shares
task               Manage tasks
disk               Provides information about installed disks
directoryservice   Configure and manage directory service
update             System Updates and their Configuration
calendar           Provides access to task scheduled on a regular basis

You will be given a scrollable list of the available commands and their descriptions in the current namespace. To escape the help command press q. You can also get help about individual commands and namespaces, for example:

127.0.0.1:>help help
Usage: help <command> <command> ...

Provides usage information on particular command. If command can't be
reached directly in current namespace, may be specified as chain,
eg: "account users show".

Examples:
    help
    help printenv
    help account users show

To see the properties of a given namespace, use 'help properties'

Help on a higher level command will show the commands it expands to, for example:

127.0.0.1:>help account
Command                               Description
/         Go to the root namespace
..        Go up one namespace
-         Go back to previous namespace
?         Provides list of commands in this namespace
user      System users
group     System groups

127.0.0.1:>help account user
Command                               Description
/         Go to the root namespace
..        Go up one namespace
-         Go back to previous namespace
delete    Removes item
?         Provides list of commands in this namespace
create    Creates new item
show      Lists items

You can also get the properties of a namespace by adding the keyword properties to your help query, for example:

 127.0.0.1:>help account user properties
Property                                 Usage

uid                                    An unused number greater than 1000 and less than 65535.
name                                   Maximum 16 characters, though a maximum of 8 is recommended for interoperability.
                                       Can not begin with a hyphen or contain a space, a tab, a double quote, or any of
                                       these characters: , : + & # % ^ & ( ) ! @ ~ * ? < > = If a $ is used, it can only be
                                       the last character.
fullname                               Place within double quotes if contains a space.
group                                  By default when a user is created, a primary group with the same name as the user is
                                       also created. When specifying a different group name, that group must already exist.
groups                                 List of additional groups the user is a member of. To add the user to other groups,
                                       enclose a space delimited list between double quotes and ensure the groups already
                                       exist.
shell                                  Default is "/bin/sh". Can be set to full path of an existing shell. Type 'shells' to
                                       see the list of available shells.
home                                   By default when a user is created, their home directory is not created. To create
                                       one, specify the full path to an existing dataset between double quotes.
password                               Mandatory unless "password_disabled=true" is specified when creating the user.
                                       Passwords cannot contain a question mark.
password_disabled                      Can be set to true or false. When set to true, disables password logins and
                                       authentication to CIFS shares but still allows key-based logins.
locked                                 Can be set to true or false. While set to true, the account is disabled.
email                                  Specify email address, enclosed between double quotes, to send that user's
                                       notifications to.
administrator                          Can be set to true or false. When set to true, the user is allowed to use sudo to
                                       run commands with administrative permissions.
pubkey                                 To configure key-based authentication, use the 'set' command to paste the user's SSH
                                       public key.
domain                                 Domain, read_only string value
delete_own_group                       Delete own group, accepts boolean values
delete_home_directory                  Delete home directory, accepts boolean values
.. index:: system information and configuration

System information and configuration

.. index:: system information

System information

You can get information and change various system settings with the `system` top level command. For instance, you can see your hardware specs with `system info`:

127.0.0.1:>system info
cpu_cores=1         cpu_model=Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3570 CPU @ 3.40GHz
cpu_clockrate=3400  memory_size=6413496320

You can get information about your version of FreeNAS with `system version`:

127.0.0.1:>system version
FreeNAS version (freenas_version)      FreeNAS-10.2-ALPHA-201511231130
System version (system_version)        FreeBSD freenas.local 10.2-STABLE
                                       FreeBSD 10.2-STABLE #0
                                       ab9925e(freebsd10): Sat Nov 21
                                       00:05:53 PST 2015     root@build.ixs
                                       ystems.com:/tank/home/nightlies
                                       /freenas-
                                       build/_BE/objs/tank/home/nightlies
                                       /freenas-
                                       build/_BE/trueos/sys/FreeNAS.amd64
                                       amd64

If you want to know things like system up-time and the number of things connected to the middlware, use `system status`:

127.0.0.1:>system status
middleware-connections=12  started-at=1448327368.791504  up-since=18 minutes ago

You can view system events with the `system event` top level command:

127.0.0.1:>system session show
Session ID   IP Address     User name        Started at          Ended at
1            127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago
2            unix         task.130        4 hours ago        none
3            unix         task.129        4 hours ago        an hour ago
4            unix         task.132        4 hours ago        none
5            unix         task.131        4 hours ago        none
6            127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago
7            127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago
8            127.0.0.1    etcd            4 hours ago        none
9            127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago
10           127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago
11           127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago
.. index:: system configuration

System configuration

The `system` top level command also has commands for configuring various aspects of your system. At the `system` level you can configure things like hostname, timezone, syslog server, and language options with `set`:

127.0.0.1:>system set timezone=America/Los_Angeles
127.0.0.1:>system set hostname=myfreenas.local
127.0.0.1:>system show
Time zone (timezone)              America/Los_Angeles
Hostname (hostname)               myfreenas.local
Syslog Server (syslog_server)     none
Language (language)               en
Console Keymap (console_keymap)   us.iso

If you need help figuring out what time zone options are available, you can use the `system timezones` command, this will give you a scrollable list of valid options.

To configure email options, use the `system mail` command:

127.0.0.1:>system mail set email=admin@foo.com
127.0.0.1:>system mail set server=mail.foo.com
127.0.0.1:>system mail set username=admin@foo.com
127.0.0.1:>system mail set password=mypassword
127.0.0.1:>system mail show
Email address (email)                    admin@foo.com
Email server (server)                    mail.foo.com
SMTP port (port)                         25
Authentication required (auth)           no
Encryption type (encryption)             PLAIN
Username for Authentication (username)   admin@foo.com

And finally for powerusers, there is a set of advanced options in `system advanced`:

127.0.0.1:>system advanced set console_screensaver=yes
127.0.0.1:>system advanced show
Enable Console CLI (console_cli)       yes
Enable Console Screensaver             yes
(console_screensaver)
Enable Serial Console                  no
(serial_console)
Serial Console Port (serial_port)      none
Serial Port Speed (serial_speed)       none
Enable powerd (powerd)                 no
Default swap on drives (swapondrive)   2
Enable Debug Kernel (debugkernel)      no
Automatically upload crash dumps to    yes
iXsystems (uploadcrash)
Message of the day (motd)              FreeBSD ?.?.?  (UNKNOWN)
                                       FreeNAS (c) 2009-2015, The FreeNAS
                                       Development Team
                                       All rights reserved.
                                       FreeNAS is released under the
                                       modified BSD license.
                                       For more information, documentation,
                                       help or support, go here:
                                       http://freenas.org
Periodic Notify User UID               0
(periodic_notify_user)
.. index:: system session commands

System session commands

There is also a namespace in the FreeNAS CLI specifically for dealing with connected sessions, which administrators may find very useful.

You can view connected session information and history with the `session` top level command, or limit that information to just logged-in sessions with the `w` command:

127.0.0.1:>session show
Session ID   IP Address     User name        Started at          Ended at
1            127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago
2            unix         task.130        4 hours ago        none
3            unix         task.129        4 hours ago        an hour ago
4            unix         task.132        4 hours ago        none
5            unix         task.131        4 hours ago        none
6            127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago
7            127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago
8            127.0.0.1    etcd            4 hours ago        none
9            127.0.0.1    dispatcherctl   4 hours ago        4 hours ago

127.0.0.1:>w
 Session ID          User name           Address             Started at

 1978                root                unix,2133           22 hours ago
 1981                root                unix,6020           21 minutes ago

You can also use the `session` command to send messages to all logged in users, e.g.

session wall "Hey, hosers! I'm shutting the system down in 5 minutes!"

As well as to send a message to a specific logged-in user; just get the session ID from the `w` command and then `session id send <some text>`.

You can also use the `session id` sub-namespace to query individual attributes of a session and, in the future, to terminate a session with great prejudice.

.. index:: network configuration

Network configuration

.. index:: simple static IP setup

Simple static IP setup

By default, FreeNAS is set to use a DHCP address, if you wish to set a static IP, first turn off DHCP for your network port:

127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 set dhcp=false

Then create an alias with the IP you wish to set your system's IP to:

127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 alias create address=10.0.0.150 netmask=255.255.255.0

If you run `network interface em0 show`, you will see that DHCP is disabled and it is listening on the static IP:

127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 show
Name (name)                              em0
Type (type)                              ETHER
Enabled (enabled)                        yes
DHCP (dhcp)                              no
IPv6 autoconfiguration (ipv6_autoconf)   no
Disable IPv6 (ipv6_disable)              no
Link address (link_address)              08:00:27:e4:ce:17
IP configuration (ip_config)             10.0.1.150/24
Link state (link_state)                  up
State (state)                            up
-- Interface addresses --
Address family   IP address   Netmask   Broadcast address
INET             10.0.0.150   24        10.0.0.255

Now set the default gateway and DNS server:

127.0.0.1:>network config set ipv4_gateway=10.0.0.1 dns_servers=10.0.0.1
127.0.0.1:>network config show
IPv4 gateway (ipv4_gateway)                         10.0.0.1
IPv6 gateway (ipv6_gateway)                         none
DNS servers (dns_servers)                           10.0.0.1
DNS search domains (dns_search)                     empty
DHCP will assign default gateway (dhcp_gateway)     yes
DHCP will assign DNS servers addresses (dhcp_dns)   yes

And finally set the default route for your network:

127.0.0.1:>network route create default gateway=10.0.0.1 network=10.0.0.0 netmask=255.255.255.0
127.0.0.1:>network route show
 Name     Address family   Gateway    Network    Subnet prefix
default   INET             10.0.0.1   10.0.0.0   24

To undo the static IP settings, go back to DHCP and reenable DHCP:

127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 set dhcp=yes
127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 show
Name (name)                              em0
Type (type)                              ETHER
Enabled (enabled)                        yes
DHCP (dhcp)                              yes
IPv6 autoconfiguration (ipv6_autoconf)   no
Disable IPv6 (ipv6_disable)              no
Link address (link_address)              08:00:27:e4:ce:17
IP configuration (ip_config)             10.0.0.145/24
Link state (link_state)                  up
State (state)                            up
-- Interface addresses --
Address family   IP address   Netmask   Broadcast address
.. index:: volume creation and management

Volume creation and management

Before you create a volume, you should probably find out the names of the disks you will be creating the volume with. You can do this by using `disk show`:

127.0.0.1:>disk show
Disk path   Disk name     Size      Online   Allocation
/dev/ada0   ada0        17.18 GiB   yes      boot device
/dev/ada5   ada5        6.44 GiB    yes      unallocated
/dev/ada1   ada1        6.44 GiB    yes      unallocated
/dev/ada2   ada2        6.44 GiB    yes      unallocated
/dev/ada3   ada3        6.44 GiB    yes      unallocated
/dev/ada4   ada4        6.44 GiB    yes      unallocated

On the left of the table you see the disk names and on the right you can see the allocation status of these disks. Be sure to only use unallocated disks since those are ones that are not currently being used.

The command to create a volume is `volume create`. This command takes as arguments the name of the volume, the type of volume you are creating, and the disks you are assigning to the volume. For example:

127.0.0.1:>volume create tank type=raidz1 disks=ada1,ada2,ada3

To see the topology of the newly created volume, use `show_topology`:

127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
 +-- data
     +-- raidz1
         |-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
         |-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
         `-- /dev/ada3 (disk)

If you type `disk show` again you will see that these disks are now marked as allocated to tank:

127.0.0.1:>disk show
Disk path   Disk name     Size      Online       Allocation
/dev/ada5   ada5        6.44 GiB    yes      unallocated
/dev/ada4   ada4        6.44 GiB    yes      unallocated
/dev/ada0   ada0        17.18 GiB   yes      boot device
/dev/ada1   ada1        6.44 GiB    yes      part of volume tank
/dev/ada2   ada2        6.44 GiB    yes      part of volume tank
/dev/ada3   ada3        6.44 GiB    yes      part of volume tank

The valid types for volume create are: disk, mirror, raidz1, raidz2, raidz3, and auto. If you do not specify a type, auto is assumed and FreeNAS will try to decide the best topology for you (if you use a multiple of 2 disks, you will get a stripe of mirrors or if you use a multiple of 3 disks you get a stripe of raidz1).

127.0.0.1:>volume create tank disks=ada1,ada2,ada3,ada4
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
 +-- data
     +-- mirror
         |-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
         `-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
     +-- mirror
         |-- /dev/ada3 (disk)
         `-- /dev/ada4 (disk)

If you want to make some kind of custom configuration or add disks to a volume later you can use `add_vdev` to add another set of disks. For example, we created a mirror but then wanted to have a second mirror striped to it:

127.0.0.1:>volume create tank type=mirror disks=ada1,ada2
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
 +-- data
     +-- mirror
         |-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
         `-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
127.0.0.1:>volume tank add_vdev type=mirror disks=ada3,ada4
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
 +-- data
     +-- mirror
         |-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
         `-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
     +-- mirror
         |-- /dev/ada3 (disk)
         `-- /dev/ada4 (disk)

You can use `extend_vdev` to add a disk to an existing mirror, for example assume we have a tank with a single mirror that we wish to extend:

127.0.0.1:>volume create tank disks=ada1,ada2
127.0.0.1:>volume tank extend_vdev vdev=ada1 ada3
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
 +-- data
     +-- mirror
         |-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
         |-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
         `-- /dev/ada3 (disk)

If at any time you wish to delete your volume, you can do this with `delete`:

127.0.0.1:>volume delete tank

To offline or online a disk within a Volume you can use `offline` and `online`:

127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_disks
  Name      Status
/dev/ada1   ONLINE
/dev/ada2   ONLINE

127.0.0.1:>volume tank offline ada1
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_disks
  Name      Status
/dev/ada1   OFFLINE
/dev/ada2   ONLINE

127.0.0.1:>volume tank online ada1
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_disks
  Name      Status
/dev/ada1   ONLINE
/dev/ada2   ONLINE

To run a scrub on your volume, use `scrub`:

127.0.0.1:>volume tank scrub

To detatch/export a volume, use the `detach` volume command. After detaching, you will notice it is no longer visible in `volume show`:

127.0.0.1:>volume show
Volume name   Status   Mount point     Last scrub time     Last scrub errors
tank          ONLINE   /mnt/tank     2015-11-10 23:04:46   0

127.0.0.1:>volume detach tank
...
127.0.0.1:>volume show
Volume name   Status   Mount point   Last scrub time   Last scrub errors

If you wish to import your volume tank, first use `find` to see if your volume is visible then use `import` to import it:

127.0.0.1:>volume find
   ID       Volume name   Status
1.845e+19   tank          ONLINE
127.0.0.1:>volume import tank
127.0.0.1:>volume show
Volume name   Status   Mount point   Last scrub time   Last scrub errors
tank          ONLINE   /mnt/tank     none              none
.. index:: sharing

Sharing

After you have created your volume, you can now setup shares on your volume to share files with the rest of your network. The shares namespace is split into 4 sets of commands for different share types: NFS, AFP, SMB, and iSCSI with a main shares namespace to view them all from.

.. index:: AFP shares

AFP shares

One basic type of share you can create are AFP shares. AFP is typically used for sharing files with Macintosh computers. AFP shares are created with `share afp create`. A basic AFP share can be created as follows:

127.0.0.1:>share afp create foo volume=tank

When it is created, you will be able to see it in two different places: the shares overview and the afp share namespace.

127.0.0.1:>share show
Share Name   Share Type   Volume   Dataset Path   Description
foo          afp          tank     tank/afp/foo

127.0.0.1:>share afp show
Share name   Target volume   Compression   Read only   Time machine
foo          tank            lz4           no          no

To see more details on the AFP share, you can use `show` on the share itself:

127.0.0.1:>share afp foo show
Share name (name)                      foo
Share type (type)                      afp
Target volume (volume)                 tank
Compression (compression)              lz4
Allowed hosts/networks (hosts_allow)   none
Denied hosts/networks (hosts_deny)     none
Allowed users/groups (users_allow)     none
Denied users/groups (users_deny)       none
Read only (read_only)                  no
Time machine (time_machine)            no

If you want to set one of these properties of your share, use `set`:

127.0.0.1:>share afp foo set read_only=true
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo set users_allow=tom, frank
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo set users_deny=bob
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo set hosts_allow=192.168.1.100,foobar.local
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo show
Share name (name)                      foo
Share type (type)                      afp
Target volume (volume)                 tank
Compression (compression)              lz4
Allowed hosts/networks (hosts_allow)   192.168.1.100
                                       foobar.local
Denied hosts/networks (hosts_deny)     none
Allowed users/groups (users_allow)     tom
                                       frank
Denied users/groups (users_deny)       bob
Read only (read_only)                  yes
Time machine (time_machine)            no

Now that you have a share, you must enable the AFP service:

127.0.0.1:>service afp config set enable=yes
Service name (name)   afp
State (state)         RUNNING
Process ID (pid)      none

You can further configure the AFP service by using `set`:

127.0.0.1:>service afp config set bind_addresses=192.168.1.50
127.0.0.1:>service afp config set guest_enable=yes
127.0.0.1:>service afp config show
Enabled (enable)                        yes
Share Home Directory (homedir_enable)   no
Home Directory Path (homedir_path)      none
Home Directory Name (homedir_name)      none
Auxiliary Parameters (auxiliary)        none
Connections limit (connections_limit)   50
Guest user (guest_user)                 nobody
Enable guest user (guest_enable)        yes
Bind Addresses (bind_addresses)         192.168.1.50
Database Path (dbpath)                  none

And finally, to delete an AFP share, simply use `delete`, but be aware this will also delete the dataset that the share is on:

127.0.0.1:>share afp delete foo
.. index:: NFS shares

NFS Shares

Another basic type of share you can create are NFS shares. NFS is typically used for sharing files with Unix systems. NFS shares are created with `share nfs create`. A basic NFS share can be created as follows:

127.0.0.1:>share nfs create bar volume=tank

Like AFP shares, you can also see the NFS share in the shares overview and the NFS share namespace.

127.0.0.1:>share show
Share Name   Share Type   Volume   Dataset Path   Description
bar          nfs          tank     tank/nfs/bar
127.0.0.1:>share nfs show
Share name     Target     Compressio   All direct   Read only   Security
               volume         n          ories
bar          tank         lz4          no           no          none

To see more details on the NFS share you can use `show` on the share itself:

127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar show
Share name (name)                bar
Share type (type)                nfs
Target volume (volume)           tank
Compression (compression)        lz4
All directories (alldirs)        no
Read only (read_only)            no
Root user (root_user)            none
Root group (root_group)          none
All user (all_user)              none
All group (all_group)            none
Allowed hosts/networks (hosts)   none
Security (security)              none

If you want to set one of these properties of your share, use `set`:

127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar set alldirs=true
127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar set read_only=true
127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar set hosts=foobar.local,10.0.0.101
127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar show
Share name (name)                bar
Share type (type)                nfs
Target volume (volume)           tank
Compression (compression)        lz4
All directories (alldirs)        yes
Read only (read_only)            yes
Root user (root_user)            none
Root group (root_group)          none
All user (all_user)              none
All group (all_group)            none
Allowed hosts/networks (hosts)   foobar.local
                                 10.0.0.101
Security (security)              none

Now that you have a share, you must enable the NFS service:

127.0.0.1:>service nfs config set enable=yes
127.0.0.1:>service nfs show
Service name (name)   nfs
State (state)         RUNNING
Process ID (pid)      5760

You can further configure the NFS service by using `set`:

127.0.0.1:>service nfs config set servers=3
127.0.0.1:>service nfs config set v4=yes
127.0.0.1:>service nfs config show
Enabled (enable)                      yes
Number of servers (servers)           3
Enable UDP (udp)                      no
Enable NFSv4 (v4)                     yes
Enable NFSv4 Kerberos (v4_kerberos)   no
Bind addresses (bind_addresses)       none
Mountd port (mountd_port)             none
RPC statd port (rpcstatd_port)        none
RPC Lockd port (rpclockd_port)        none

And finally, to delete an NFS share, simply use `delete`. Please be aware this will also delete the dataset that the share is on:

127.0.0.1:>share nfs delete bar
.. index:: account management

Account management

FreeNAS has users and groups with various permissions similar to those you would find on a Unix platform. In this section you will learn how to manage users and groups using the `account` top level command.

.. index:: users

Users

Under the `account user` command you can create and set properties of a user. To create a user, use `account user create`:

 127.0.0.1:>account user create foo password=mypassword
 127.0.0.1:>account user foo show
    Property              Description             Value       Settable
uid                 User ID                    1002           yes
name                User name                  foo            yes
fullname            Full name                  User &         yes
group               Primary group              foo            yes
groups              Auxiliary groups           <empty>        yes
shell               Login shell                /bin/sh        yes
home                Home directory             /nonexistent   yes
password            Password                   none           yes
password_disabled   Password Disabled          none           yes
locked              Locked                     none           yes
email               Email address              none           yes
administrator       Administrator privileges   no             yes
pubkey              SSH public key             none           yes
domain              Domain                     local          no

An account must either have a password set upon creation or have the property password_disabled turned on. If you do not specify a group for your user upon creation it will attempt to create a group with the same name as the username for that user.

If you want to change a property of a user, use `set`:

 127.0.0.1:>account user foo set email=foo@foobar.com
 127.0.0.1:>account user foo show
    Property              Description              Value        Settable
uid                 User ID                    1002             yes
name                User name                  foo              yes
fullname            Full name                  User &           yes
group               Primary group              foo              yes
groups              Auxiliary groups           <empty>          yes
shell               Login shell                /bin/sh          yes
home                Home directory             /nonexistent     yes
password            Password                   none             yes
password_disabled   Password Disabled          none             yes
locked              Locked                     none             yes
email               Email address              foo@foobar.com   yes
administrator       Administrator privileges   no               yes
pubkey              SSH public key             none             yes
domain              Domain                     local            no

To delete a user, use `delete`:

127.0.0.1:>account user delete foo
.. index:: groups

Groups

Groups are managed by the `account group` commands. To create a group use `account group create`:

 127.0.0.1:>account group create bar
 127.0.0.1:>account group bar show
        Property                 Description          Value   Settable
name                       Group name                 bar     yes
gid                        Group ID                   1001    yes
administrator_privileges   Administrator privileges   no      yes
builtin                    Builtin group              no      no
domain                     Domain                     local   no

To change a group's name use `set`:

127.0.0.1:>account group bar set name=baz

User to group relationships are handled at the user level, so if to add a user to a group, you must use `account user`. Users have 2 properties for groups, group and groups. The singular group property contains the user's primary group, and groups is a set property that contains the auxiliary groups.

Suppose we want to create a user named foo and we want to add it to our group baz:

127.0.0.1:>account user create foo group=baz password=mypassword

Then suppose we want to give this user admin privileges so we add it to the wheel group:

127.0.0.1:>account user foo set groups=wheel

The user should then look like this after running `show`:

 127.0.0.1:>account user foo show
  Property              Description              Value        Settable
uid                 User ID                    1002             yes
name                User name                  foo              yes
fullname            Full name                  User &           yes
group               Primary group              foo              yes
groups              Auxiliary groups           wheel            yes
shell               Login shell                /bin/sh          yes
home                Home directory             /nonexistent     yes
password            Password                   none             yes
password_disabled   Password Disabled          none             yes
locked              Locked                     none             yes
email               Email address              foo@foobar.com   yes
administrator       Administrator privileges   no               yes
pubkey              SSH public key             none             yes
domain              Domain                     local            no

And finally, to delete a group, use `delete`:

127.0.0.1:>account group delete baz
.. index:: containers

Containers

.. index:: containers preface

Preface

Virtual machine support is an experimental feature which is not yet fully supported in the CLI. For example, if you want to be able to access the Internet from your VMs, you will need to create a bridge interface, add your main network interface to it (please refer to the :ref:`Network configuration` section to learn how to do that), and then issue the following command manually (for now):

127.0.0.1:>!dsutil config-set container.bridge '"bridgeX"'

where bridgeX is name of previously created bridge interface.

.. index:: VMs

VMs

To create a BHyVe virtual machine called myvm running inside FreeNAS, use this command:

127.0.0.1:>vm create name=myvm datastore=tank bootloader=GRUB

Pass volume name where you want your VM data disks to be stored as a datastore parameter. You also need to set the bootloader type: either BHYVELOAD (if you're installing a FreeBSD VM) or GRUB (which is suitable for most Linux distributions and FreeNAS).

When the VM is created, you can add data disk and CD images to the VM by going to the vm myvm disks namespace:

127.0.0.1:>vm myvm disks create name=disk1 type=DISK size=8G
127.0.0.1:>vm myvm disks create name=cdrom1 type=CDROM path=/mnt/tank/path/to/installer/image.iso

The last step is to set the boot device. In this example, we want to boot off a CD image to install the operating system on the VM:

127.0.0.1:>vm myvm set boot_device=cdrom1

Virtual machine is ready to be started:

127.0.0.1:>vm myvm start

To see the virtual machine console, navigate to `http://<freenas-ip>:8180/vm`_ and select VM from the dropdown list.

.. index:: services

Services

FreeNAS has various services that run on it for sharing files, monitoring your NAS, and other purposes. In this section, you will learn how to configure and control these services through the CLI.

.. index:: controlling services

Controlling Services

The `service show` command gives you a list of all the currently running services:

127.0.0.1:>service show
Service name    State    Process ID
smartd         STOPPED   none
afp            STOPPED   none
haproxy        STOPPED   none
lldp           STOPPED   none
sshd           RUNNING   1054
tftpd          STOPPED   none

To view the status of an individual service, use `service <service name> show`. For example:

127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name)   ftp
State (state)         STOPPED
Process ID (pid)      none

To enable the service, use `service <service name> config set enable=true`. For exmaple:

127.0.0.1:>service ftp config set enable=true
127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name)   ftp
State (state)         RUNNING
Process ID (pid)      3959

Notice when the service is enabled, it is also started. If you want to stop the service but leave it enabled upon reboot, use `service <service name> stop`. For example:

127.0.0.1:>service ftp stop
127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name)   ftp
State (state)         STOPPED
Process ID (pid)      none

To start the service back up, use `service <service name> start`:

127.0.0.1:>service ftp start
127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name)   ftp
State (state)         RUNNING
Process ID (pid)      4218

To restart a servce, use `service <service name> restart`:

127.0.0.1:>service ftp restart
127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name)   ftp
State (state)         RUNNING
Process ID (pid)      4457

Notice that it has a different pid since the service was restarted. To have a service do a graceful reload, use `service <service name> reload`:

127.0.0.1:>service ftp reload
Service name (name)   ftp
State (state)         RUNNING
Process ID (pid)      4457
.. index:: configuring services

Configuring Services

To view the configuration of a service, use `service <service name> config show`:

127.0.0.1:>service sshd config show
Enabled (enable)                                      yes
sftp log facility (sftp_log_facility)                 AUTH
Allow public key authentication (allow_pubkey_auth)   yes
Enable compression (compression)                      no
Allow password authentication (allow_password_auth)   yes
Allow port forwarding (allow_port_forwarding)         no
Permit root login (permit_root_login)                 yes
sftp log level (sftp_log_level)                       ERROR
Port (port)                                           22

Along with being able to enable a service from this namespace, you are also able to set various properties of the service with `service <service name> config set`:

127.0.0.1:>service sshd config set allow_port_forwarding=true
127.0.0.1:>service sshd config show
Enabled (enable)                                      yes
sftp log facility (sftp_log_facility)                 AUTH
Allow public key authentication (allow_pubkey_auth)   yes
Enable compression (compression)                      no
Allow password authentication (allow_password_auth)   yes
Allow port forwarding (allow_port_forwarding)         yes
Permit root login (permit_root_login)                 yes
sftp log level (sftp_log_level)                       ERROR
Port (port)                                           22

Note

Some services like sshd restart upon setting a property, while others will do a graceful reload, depending on what the service supports.