The phenomenon known as "brain drain" is a very sensitive and central theme in the socio-political discussion in Italy. This refers to the loss of qualified human capital and the simultaneous lack of brain circulation. As explained by the professor of Demography and Social Statistics of the Catholic University in Milan Alessandro Rosina, the phenomenon is entirely consistent with the development processes of this century. On one hand there is the possibility to travel with short time and limited costs, on the other the attitude of the new generations has also changed, more inclined to move, to interact and confront with different cultures and realities.
Based on the socio-demographic context described above, this work tries to illustrate the level of economic and social satisfaction of young Italian graduates between 20 and 34 years of age, on the hypothesis that this may, to some extent, be associated with the brain drain phenomenon. The data considered are taken from the "Multi-purpose Survey on Families: Aspects of Daily Life", a sample survey proposed by ISTAT (since 1993 and carried out every year) intent on detecting fundamental information relating to the daily life of individuals and families. Here you can find the interactive cartography of the research results [https://iacopotesti.github.io/Data_Science_for_Sustainability/].
The investigation's results show correspondence with the latest ISTAT studies regarding the number of Italians who emigrated abroad and reported by national newspapers. According to the article in "Il Sole 24 Ore", "in relation to the resident youth population, in the last ten years about 20 young people per 1,000 residents, of the same age group, have left Italy", with peaks in Trentino Alto Adige and Friuli Venezia Giulia. The analysis proposed in this project revealed a certain degree of dissatisfaction among young graduates (as highlighted by the interactive cartography on the right); In Northern Italy the degree of economic dissatisfaction is marked in Piemonte and Trentino Alto Adige, while in the South the degree of social dissatisfaction is prevalent with the highest rate in Campania. In conclusion, we observed that the data analysis lead us to evaluate the trend already highlighted by other national newspapers, according to which the degree of dissatisfaction (mainly economic) of the highly qualified youth population in Italy can be associated with the phenomenon of brain drain.
Notebook with statistics here