From ce0a1ff50d2a71e8b5423bd4d801d4e1eb939c4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Little Date: Tue, 13 Feb 2024 22:51:05 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 01/10] Create annex-examples --- 23-049/sections/annex-examples | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+) create mode 100644 23-049/sections/annex-examples diff --git a/23-049/sections/annex-examples b/23-049/sections/annex-examples new file mode 100644 index 0000000..edd63fc --- /dev/null +++ b/23-049/sections/annex-examples @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +[appendix,obligation="informative"] +[[annex-examples]] +[examples] +== Examples +These show how + +===Ordinal Temporal Reference System + +Geological periods are a form of compound ordinal reference systems. A consistent sequence of rock strata in a region form an ordinal temporal reference system with the events being formed by changes from one rock stratum to another immediately above it, or by the appearance of distinctly different embedded fossils in the layers. + +Another consistent sequence of strata from another region can also form another ordinal temporal reference system. It may be possible to relate the two systems to each other because of layers that may share specific varieties of fossils, or a specific distinctive stratum. + +Figure 2? shows how the different geological ordinal temporal reference systems of sequences of rocks and fossils, called Periods, from Devon (Devonian), south Wales (Silurian), and coal-bearing rocks (Carboniferous) have been combined to define a longer geological ordinal temporal reference system called an Era. + +=== Temporal Coordinate Reference System +1. A remote autonomous underwater drone, known as a 'glider' is making regular measurements of temperature and salinity deep in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements are time-stamped by an on-board computer clock. The clock had been synchronized to the satellite's atomic clock when the drone was launched. When the drone surfaces to report its findings to a satellite, or to be picked up by a research vessel, it is found that the computer clock as 'drifted' compared to time from the satellite. The drone's clock is assumed to have 'drifted' in a consistent, linear, fashion, and the error correction is distributed proportionately along the time series of measurements. + +2. Several timescales have been defined using the same atomic clocks, but for various reasons, such as the year of starting, or the need to store smaller numbers in computers, different Epochs have been chosen. This is illustrated in Figure 3?. + +The figure also illustrates how UTC is not a timescale, but a timeline, as it has been adjusted with leap seconds to correspond to the Gregorian calendar and not deviate more than 0.6 seconds from Earth's actual day length. + +does not have a consist +=== Calendar +A remote and partially autonomous 'rover' is on Mars. To manage activities, a Mars calendar is needed. The year is determined by Mars' orbit around the Sun with respect to a distant fixed point (usually in the consteallation of Ares, as used for Earth's year). This is one timescale, with a unit of measure "Mars Year" to avoidn confusion with Earth years. + +Months are not useful as there are two small fast moving moons. One orbits three times per day, the other about every 1 1/2 days, so they do not supply a useful intermediate duration between years and days. + +The 'day', the rotation of Mars on its axis is the other timescale that comprises the calendar. To avoid confusion with Earth's days, they are called 'Sols'. But there is a choice of three possible 'Sols': +1. A solar day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the Sun, the same definition as on Earth. This would be sueful for planning daytime/night time activities, pehaps requiring solar power generation; +2. A sidereal day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the distant stars, like the sidereal day on Earth. This could be useful if the rover was performing astronomical measurement, such as for navigating using the equivalent of a sextant; +3. An Earth orientated day, the rotation of Mars with respect to Earth in its orbit. This could be useful for planning activities needing extended communication periods with Earth. From 329582377118e44fbd04380eb9e2c531d08c1ac8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Little Date: Tue, 13 Feb 2024 22:52:52 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 02/10] Update 23-049.adoc --- 23-049/23-049.adoc | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/23-049/23-049.adoc b/23-049/23-049.adoc index 9d0346b..86b567d 100644 --- a/23-049/23-049.adoc +++ b/23-049/23-049.adoc @@ -50,5 +50,7 @@ include::sections/11-sync-clocks.adoc[] include::sections/12-temporal-geometry.adoc[] +include::sections/annex-examples.adoc[] + // Bibliography should be the last annex include::sections/annex-bibliography.adoc[] From 7baa8579e76ab2b140fae79b81d167495ff8f37b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Little Date: Tue, 13 Feb 2024 22:54:58 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 03/10] Delete 23-049/sections/annex-examples --- 23-049/sections/annex-examples | 31 ------------------------------- 1 file changed, 31 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 23-049/sections/annex-examples diff --git a/23-049/sections/annex-examples b/23-049/sections/annex-examples deleted file mode 100644 index edd63fc..0000000 --- a/23-049/sections/annex-examples +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -[appendix,obligation="informative"] -[[annex-examples]] -[examples] -== Examples -These show how - -===Ordinal Temporal Reference System - -Geological periods are a form of compound ordinal reference systems. A consistent sequence of rock strata in a region form an ordinal temporal reference system with the events being formed by changes from one rock stratum to another immediately above it, or by the appearance of distinctly different embedded fossils in the layers. - -Another consistent sequence of strata from another region can also form another ordinal temporal reference system. It may be possible to relate the two systems to each other because of layers that may share specific varieties of fossils, or a specific distinctive stratum. - -Figure 2? shows how the different geological ordinal temporal reference systems of sequences of rocks and fossils, called Periods, from Devon (Devonian), south Wales (Silurian), and coal-bearing rocks (Carboniferous) have been combined to define a longer geological ordinal temporal reference system called an Era. - -=== Temporal Coordinate Reference System -1. A remote autonomous underwater drone, known as a 'glider' is making regular measurements of temperature and salinity deep in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements are time-stamped by an on-board computer clock. The clock had been synchronized to the satellite's atomic clock when the drone was launched. When the drone surfaces to report its findings to a satellite, or to be picked up by a research vessel, it is found that the computer clock as 'drifted' compared to time from the satellite. The drone's clock is assumed to have 'drifted' in a consistent, linear, fashion, and the error correction is distributed proportionately along the time series of measurements. - -2. Several timescales have been defined using the same atomic clocks, but for various reasons, such as the year of starting, or the need to store smaller numbers in computers, different Epochs have been chosen. This is illustrated in Figure 3?. - -The figure also illustrates how UTC is not a timescale, but a timeline, as it has been adjusted with leap seconds to correspond to the Gregorian calendar and not deviate more than 0.6 seconds from Earth's actual day length. - -does not have a consist -=== Calendar -A remote and partially autonomous 'rover' is on Mars. To manage activities, a Mars calendar is needed. The year is determined by Mars' orbit around the Sun with respect to a distant fixed point (usually in the consteallation of Ares, as used for Earth's year). This is one timescale, with a unit of measure "Mars Year" to avoidn confusion with Earth years. - -Months are not useful as there are two small fast moving moons. One orbits three times per day, the other about every 1 1/2 days, so they do not supply a useful intermediate duration between years and days. - -The 'day', the rotation of Mars on its axis is the other timescale that comprises the calendar. To avoid confusion with Earth's days, they are called 'Sols'. But there is a choice of three possible 'Sols': -1. A solar day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the Sun, the same definition as on Earth. This would be sueful for planning daytime/night time activities, pehaps requiring solar power generation; -2. A sidereal day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the distant stars, like the sidereal day on Earth. This could be useful if the rover was performing astronomical measurement, such as for navigating using the equivalent of a sextant; -3. An Earth orientated day, the rotation of Mars with respect to Earth in its orbit. This could be useful for planning activities needing extended communication periods with Earth. From 64e1ad11ed98c8d684cec3472e051db8236703da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Little Date: Tue, 13 Feb 2024 22:55:32 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 04/10] Create annex-examples.adoc --- 23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+) create mode 100644 23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc diff --git a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..edd63fc --- /dev/null +++ b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +[appendix,obligation="informative"] +[[annex-examples]] +[examples] +== Examples +These show how + +===Ordinal Temporal Reference System + +Geological periods are a form of compound ordinal reference systems. A consistent sequence of rock strata in a region form an ordinal temporal reference system with the events being formed by changes from one rock stratum to another immediately above it, or by the appearance of distinctly different embedded fossils in the layers. + +Another consistent sequence of strata from another region can also form another ordinal temporal reference system. It may be possible to relate the two systems to each other because of layers that may share specific varieties of fossils, or a specific distinctive stratum. + +Figure 2? shows how the different geological ordinal temporal reference systems of sequences of rocks and fossils, called Periods, from Devon (Devonian), south Wales (Silurian), and coal-bearing rocks (Carboniferous) have been combined to define a longer geological ordinal temporal reference system called an Era. + +=== Temporal Coordinate Reference System +1. A remote autonomous underwater drone, known as a 'glider' is making regular measurements of temperature and salinity deep in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements are time-stamped by an on-board computer clock. The clock had been synchronized to the satellite's atomic clock when the drone was launched. When the drone surfaces to report its findings to a satellite, or to be picked up by a research vessel, it is found that the computer clock as 'drifted' compared to time from the satellite. The drone's clock is assumed to have 'drifted' in a consistent, linear, fashion, and the error correction is distributed proportionately along the time series of measurements. + +2. Several timescales have been defined using the same atomic clocks, but for various reasons, such as the year of starting, or the need to store smaller numbers in computers, different Epochs have been chosen. This is illustrated in Figure 3?. + +The figure also illustrates how UTC is not a timescale, but a timeline, as it has been adjusted with leap seconds to correspond to the Gregorian calendar and not deviate more than 0.6 seconds from Earth's actual day length. + +does not have a consist +=== Calendar +A remote and partially autonomous 'rover' is on Mars. To manage activities, a Mars calendar is needed. The year is determined by Mars' orbit around the Sun with respect to a distant fixed point (usually in the consteallation of Ares, as used for Earth's year). This is one timescale, with a unit of measure "Mars Year" to avoidn confusion with Earth years. + +Months are not useful as there are two small fast moving moons. One orbits three times per day, the other about every 1 1/2 days, so they do not supply a useful intermediate duration between years and days. + +The 'day', the rotation of Mars on its axis is the other timescale that comprises the calendar. To avoid confusion with Earth's days, they are called 'Sols'. But there is a choice of three possible 'Sols': +1. A solar day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the Sun, the same definition as on Earth. This would be sueful for planning daytime/night time activities, pehaps requiring solar power generation; +2. A sidereal day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the distant stars, like the sidereal day on Earth. This could be useful if the rover was performing astronomical measurement, such as for navigating using the equivalent of a sextant; +3. An Earth orientated day, the rotation of Mars with respect to Earth in its orbit. This could be useful for planning activities needing extended communication periods with Earth. From 4eb2eeb9856bdb37c942b81198f4d2f5c6351149 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Little Date: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 13:21:35 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 05/10] Update annex-examples.adoc improve geological example and link to diagram --- 23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc | 13 ++++++++----- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc index edd63fc..9f82af9 100644 --- a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc +++ b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc @@ -2,15 +2,18 @@ [[annex-examples]] [examples] == Examples -These show how +These show how the concepts of the Abstract Cocenptual Model for Time can be applied to realistic use cases. Of course, the logical and implementation details are outside the scope of this standard. -===Ordinal Temporal Reference System +=== Ordinal Temporal Reference System -Geological periods are a form of compound ordinal reference systems. A consistent sequence of rock strata in a region form an ordinal temporal reference system with the events being formed by changes from one rock stratum to another immediately above it, or by the appearance of distinctly different embedded fossils in the layers. +Geological eras and periods are forms of compound ordinal reference systems. A consistent sequence of rock strata in a region form an ordinal temporal reference system with the events being ordered by changes from one type of rock stratum to another immediately above it, or by the appearance of distinctly different embedded fossils in the rock layers. -Another consistent sequence of strata from another region can also form another ordinal temporal reference system. It may be possible to relate the two systems to each other because of layers that may share specific varieties of fossils, or a specific distinctive stratum. +Another consistent sequence of strata from another region can also form another ordinal temporal reference system. It may be possible to relate the two systems to each other because of layers that may share specific varieties of fossils, or a specific distinctive stratumock type. -Figure 2? shows how the different geological ordinal temporal reference systems of sequences of rocks and fossils, called Periods, from Devon (Devonian), south Wales (Silurian), and coal-bearing rocks (Carboniferous) have been combined to define a longer geological ordinal temporal reference system called an Era. +Figure 2 shows how the four different geological ordinal temporal reference systems of sequences of rocks and fossils, called Periods, from west Wales (Ordovician), south Wales (Silurian), Devon (Devonian), and coal-bearing rocks (Carboniferous) have been combined to define a longer geological ordinal temporal reference system called the Paleozoic Era. + +[[fig-geological-ordinal-example]] +image::images/GeologicalOrdinalExample.jpg[] === Temporal Coordinate Reference System 1. A remote autonomous underwater drone, known as a 'glider' is making regular measurements of temperature and salinity deep in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements are time-stamped by an on-board computer clock. The clock had been synchronized to the satellite's atomic clock when the drone was launched. When the drone surfaces to report its findings to a satellite, or to be picked up by a research vessel, it is found that the computer clock as 'drifted' compared to time from the satellite. The drone's clock is assumed to have 'drifted' in a consistent, linear, fashion, and the error correction is distributed proportionately along the time series of measurements. 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zEH`aTe;=U~ghwJJ8Bq50|LvYd`u}R@#}LW!HxJPH9r+jVD*Aa8IX^)(8`5mX-IG1> e2AY>!{`eg6Tu$?Wn$o=;!TSHDJf- Date: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 13:42:47 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 07/10] Update annex-examples.adoc revise examples --- 23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc | 19 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc index 9f82af9..c0d6cbe 100644 --- a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc +++ b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc @@ -18,17 +18,18 @@ image::images/GeologicalOrdinalExample.jpg[] === Temporal Coordinate Reference System 1. A remote autonomous underwater drone, known as a 'glider' is making regular measurements of temperature and salinity deep in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements are time-stamped by an on-board computer clock. The clock had been synchronized to the satellite's atomic clock when the drone was launched. When the drone surfaces to report its findings to a satellite, or to be picked up by a research vessel, it is found that the computer clock as 'drifted' compared to time from the satellite. The drone's clock is assumed to have 'drifted' in a consistent, linear, fashion, and the error correction is distributed proportionately along the time series of measurements. -2. Several timescales have been defined using the same atomic clocks, but for various reasons, such as the year of starting, or the need to store smaller numbers in computers, different Epochs have been chosen. This is illustrated in Figure 3?. +2. Several timescales have been defined using the same atomic clocks, but for various reasons, such as the year of starting, or the need to store numbers in limited length computer words, different epochs have been chosen. This is illustrated in Figure 3. The figure also illustrates how UTC is not a timescale, but a timeline, as it has been adjusted with leap seconds to correspond to the Gregorian calendar and not deviate more than 0.6 seconds from Earth's actual day length. This is because UTC is based on the atomic definition of a second, the SI second, whereas the Gregorian calendar assumes that a day, based on Earth's rotation with respect to the sun, is 86,400 seconds, but this daily rotation varies in duration every day throughout the year for a variety of reasons. -The figure also illustrates how UTC is not a timescale, but a timeline, as it has been adjusted with leap seconds to correspond to the Gregorian calendar and not deviate more than 0.6 seconds from Earth's actual day length. +[[fig-differing-timecales]] +image::images/MISB_Figure_36.png[] -does not have a consist === Calendar -A remote and partially autonomous 'rover' is on Mars. To manage activities, a Mars calendar is needed. The year is determined by Mars' orbit around the Sun with respect to a distant fixed point (usually in the consteallation of Ares, as used for Earth's year). This is one timescale, with a unit of measure "Mars Year" to avoidn confusion with Earth years. +A remote and partially autonomous 'rover' is on Mars. To manage activities, a Mars calendar is needed. The year is determined by Mars's orbit around the Sun with respect to a distant fixed point (usually in the constellation of Aries, as used for Earth's year). This is one timescale, with a unit of measure "Mars Year" to avoid confusion with Earth years. -Months are not useful as there are two small fast moving moons. One orbits three times per day, the other about every 1 1/2 days, so they do not supply a useful intermediate duration between years and days. +Months are not useful as there are two small fast moving moons. One orbits three times per Mars day, the other about every 1 1/2 Mars days, so they do not supply a useful intermediate duration between years and days. -The 'day', the rotation of Mars on its axis is the other timescale that comprises the calendar. To avoid confusion with Earth's days, they are called 'Sols'. But there is a choice of three possible 'Sols': -1. A solar day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the Sun, the same definition as on Earth. This would be sueful for planning daytime/night time activities, pehaps requiring solar power generation; -2. A sidereal day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the distant stars, like the sidereal day on Earth. This could be useful if the rover was performing astronomical measurement, such as for navigating using the equivalent of a sextant; -3. An Earth orientated day, the rotation of Mars with respect to Earth in its orbit. This could be useful for planning activities needing extended communication periods with Earth. +The 'day', the rotation of Mars on its axis with respect to the Sun, is the other timescale that comprises the Mars calendar. To avoid confusion with Earth's days, they are called 'Sols'. This solar day, with a similar definition to an Earth day, would be useful for planning day time and night time activities, pehaps requiring solar power generation. + +Other definitions of a day could have been adopted: +1. A sidereal Mars day, the rotation of Mars with respect to the distant stars, like the sidereal day on Earth. This could be useful if the rover was performing astronomical measurements, such as for navigating using the equivalent of a sextant; +2. An Earth orientated day, the rotation of Mars with respect to Earth in its orbit. This could be useful for planning activities needing extended communication periods with direct line-of-sight with Earth. From 2ca40000db6337ebb0b6921b9925dce3ea3636af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chuck Heazel Date: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 10:13:40 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 08/10] Update annex-examples.adoc Miss-spelled stratum --- 23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc index c0d6cbe..61752cb 100644 --- a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc +++ b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ These show how the concepts of the Abstract Cocenptual Model for Time can be app Geological eras and periods are forms of compound ordinal reference systems. A consistent sequence of rock strata in a region form an ordinal temporal reference system with the events being ordered by changes from one type of rock stratum to another immediately above it, or by the appearance of distinctly different embedded fossils in the rock layers. -Another consistent sequence of strata from another region can also form another ordinal temporal reference system. It may be possible to relate the two systems to each other because of layers that may share specific varieties of fossils, or a specific distinctive stratumock type. +Another consistent sequence of strata from another region can also form another ordinal temporal reference system. It may be possible to relate the two systems to each other because of layers that may share specific varieties of fossils, or a specific distinctive stratum type. Figure 2 shows how the four different geological ordinal temporal reference systems of sequences of rocks and fossils, called Periods, from west Wales (Ordovician), south Wales (Silurian), Devon (Devonian), and coal-bearing rocks (Carboniferous) have been combined to define a longer geological ordinal temporal reference system called the Paleozoic Era. From ce3fd2ec7a77320a08825ab00f4376e0e9bc43b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chuck Heazel Date: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 10:16:39 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 09/10] Update annex-examples.adoc Clarified role of satellite and drone. --- 23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc index 61752cb..ab1673e 100644 --- a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc +++ b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Figure 2 shows how the four different geological ordinal temporal reference syst image::images/GeologicalOrdinalExample.jpg[] === Temporal Coordinate Reference System -1. A remote autonomous underwater drone, known as a 'glider' is making regular measurements of temperature and salinity deep in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements are time-stamped by an on-board computer clock. The clock had been synchronized to the satellite's atomic clock when the drone was launched. When the drone surfaces to report its findings to a satellite, or to be picked up by a research vessel, it is found that the computer clock as 'drifted' compared to time from the satellite. The drone's clock is assumed to have 'drifted' in a consistent, linear, fashion, and the error correction is distributed proportionately along the time series of measurements. +1. A remote autonomous underwater drone, known as a 'glider' is making regular measurements of temperature and salinity deep in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements are time-stamped by an on-board computer clock. The clock was synchronized to a satellite's atomic clock when the drone was launched. When the drone surfaces to report its findings, or to be picked up by a research vessel, it is found that the computer clock as 'drifted' compared to time from the satellite. The drone's clock is assumed to have 'drifted' in a consistent, linear, fashion, and the error correction is distributed proportionately along the time series of measurements. 2. Several timescales have been defined using the same atomic clocks, but for various reasons, such as the year of starting, or the need to store numbers in limited length computer words, different epochs have been chosen. This is illustrated in Figure 3. The figure also illustrates how UTC is not a timescale, but a timeline, as it has been adjusted with leap seconds to correspond to the Gregorian calendar and not deviate more than 0.6 seconds from Earth's actual day length. This is because UTC is based on the atomic definition of a second, the SI second, whereas the Gregorian calendar assumes that a day, based on Earth's rotation with respect to the sun, is 86,400 seconds, but this daily rotation varies in duration every day throughout the year for a variety of reasons. From fdadb010c98a828dabb465b60fbd6e115d62e1f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chuck Heazel Date: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 10:18:41 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 10/10] Update annex-examples.adoc Broke first sentence of #2 into two sentences. --- 23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc index ab1673e..30241af 100644 --- a/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc +++ b/23-049/sections/annex-examples.adoc @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ image::images/GeologicalOrdinalExample.jpg[] === Temporal Coordinate Reference System 1. A remote autonomous underwater drone, known as a 'glider' is making regular measurements of temperature and salinity deep in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements are time-stamped by an on-board computer clock. The clock was synchronized to a satellite's atomic clock when the drone was launched. When the drone surfaces to report its findings, or to be picked up by a research vessel, it is found that the computer clock as 'drifted' compared to time from the satellite. The drone's clock is assumed to have 'drifted' in a consistent, linear, fashion, and the error correction is distributed proportionately along the time series of measurements. -2. Several timescales have been defined using the same atomic clocks, but for various reasons, such as the year of starting, or the need to store numbers in limited length computer words, different epochs have been chosen. This is illustrated in Figure 3. The figure also illustrates how UTC is not a timescale, but a timeline, as it has been adjusted with leap seconds to correspond to the Gregorian calendar and not deviate more than 0.6 seconds from Earth's actual day length. This is because UTC is based on the atomic definition of a second, the SI second, whereas the Gregorian calendar assumes that a day, based on Earth's rotation with respect to the sun, is 86,400 seconds, but this daily rotation varies in duration every day throughout the year for a variety of reasons. +2. Several timescales have been defined using the same atomic clocks. For various reasons, such as the year of starting, or the need to store numbers in limited length computer words, different epochs have been chosen. This is illustrated in Figure 3. The figure also illustrates how UTC is not a timescale, but a timeline, as it has been adjusted with leap seconds to correspond to the Gregorian calendar and not deviate more than 0.6 seconds from Earth's actual day length. This is because UTC is based on the atomic definition of a second, the SI second, whereas the Gregorian calendar assumes that a day, based on Earth's rotation with respect to the sun, is 86,400 seconds, but this daily rotation varies in duration every day throughout the year for a variety of reasons. [[fig-differing-timecales]] image::images/MISB_Figure_36.png[]