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Contribution guidelines

  1. Issue style - Always start by opening an issue
  2. Pull requests

Issues

A good issue or bug report leaves no room for interpretation and describes not only the problem, but also the complete situation it arises in. We highly recommend Cucumber style user stories:

  • Given Oracle Solaris 11.3 with Ruby 1.9, Puppet 3.6.2 and CUPS 1.4.5.

  • When I apply the manifest

    include '::cups'

cups_queue { 'Office':
  ensure => 'printer',
}

  • In order to install a new raw printer queue

  • Then I get the error message:

    Error: This version of the CUPS module does not know how to install or manage the CUPS service on your operating system.
at /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/modules/cups/manifests/params.pp:17 on node nina.initech.com

Please make sure that you describe what you expected to happen, preferably in the "In order to" step.

Pull requests

Did you already open an issue? Opening an issue and discussing shortcomings first can save you a lot of time and trouble. Maybe there is already uncommitted work in progress to solve your issue. Maybe there is a reason this module does not offer your desired functionality. Or maybe there is just a misunderstanding and we need to improve the documentation.

Development environment setup

For test driven development it is imperative to be able to run acceptance tests. Assuming Vagrant and VirtualBox are already installed on your system, the following additional packages are required to build the native extensions for the acceptance testing framework Beaker and other Ruby gems:

  • On a Debian or Ubuntu you can install these using

    sudo apt-get install ruby-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev g++ zlib1g-dev

  • On an EL or Fedora system use

    sudo yum install make gcc gcc-c++ libxml2-devel libxslt-devel ruby-devel

You will also need Bundler to install the required gems. One way to install Bundler is:

gem install bundler

Now change to the directory you cloned this git repository to and run

bundle install

Finally, add Overcommit to your setup for automated commit checks:

overcommit --install

Code Style

Mandatory file format:

  • UTF-8 encoding
  • Coding language is American English
  • Unix style linebreaks
  • New line at end of file

The Ruby code style is considered acceptable if RuboCop does not report any offenses when running

bundle exec rubocop -a

Furthermore the overall code style is considered acceptable if linting and validation pass

bundle exec rake lint
bundle exec rake validate

Testing

This module is written using test driven development (TDD). Hence we strongly encourage to

  • write the tests first - check that they are failing
  • implement the features
  • run the tests again - check that they are passing

The next sections explain how to write and run tests.

RSpec unit tests

As a rule of thumb, every line of code in lib should have tests in spec/unit. The structure of both directories is similar, i.e. the tests for the code in lib/puppet_x/cups/instances.rb go into the file spec/unit/puppet_x/cups/instances_spec.rb and so on.

Every unit test file should begin with the line

require 'spec_helper'

Tests are written in RSpec 3 syntax following their excellent documentation and can be run on a per file basis

bundle exec rspec spec/unit/puppet_x/cups/instances_spec.rb

or all at once using

bundle exec rake spec

Appending --only-failures will only rerun those tests which failed in the previous run.

RSpec-Puppet catalog tests

All classes and defined types in the manifests folder should have tests in spec/classes or spec/defines respectively, and a usage examples in the examples folder.

For example the tests for the class manifests/default_queue.pp go into spec/classes/default_queue_spec.rb and usage examples go into examples/default_queue.pp.

Every catalog test file should begin with the line

require 'spec_helper'

Tests are written in RSpec-Puppet following their excellent documentation and are meant to ensure that the Puppet catalog contains the desired resources, as well as to prevent future code extensions from break existing functionality, i.e. to prevent regression. They can be run a per file basis

bundle exec rspec spec/classes/default_queue_spec.rb

or all at once using

bundle exec rake spec

Appending --only-failures will only rerun those tests which failed in the previous run.

Beaker acceptance tests

To ensure that the module actually does what it is supposed to, we try to check every aspect by applying the corresponding manifests on a test system.

Acceptance tests are written in Beaker DSL and go into the spec/acceptance folder. Every unit test file should begin with the line

require 'spec_helper_acceptance'

The recommended skeleton for acceptance tests is

context 'when using my new feature' do
  before(:all) do
    # Your new feature is meant to ensure a certain system state.
    # This section sets up the wrong state in order to make changes necessary.
  end

  manifest = <<-EOM
    # The manifest you want to apply
  EOM

  it 'applies changes' do
    apply_manifest(manifest, expect_changes: true)
  end

  it 'sets the correct value' do
    # Check that the system now is in the desired state.
  end

  it 'is idempotent' do
    apply_manifest(manifest, catch_changes: true)
  end
end

The tests can be run on a per file basis

bundle exec rspec spec/acceptance/classes/init_spec.rb

or all at once using

bundle exec rake beaker

on the default testing system defined in spec/acceptance/nodesets/default.yml. To use a different test system, pick a name from the list returned by

bundle exec rake beaker:sets

e.g. ubuntu-17.04-x64 and set the environment variable

export BEAKER_set='ubuntu-17.04-x64'

Beaker will create and provision the test system on every run and destroy it afterwards. To avoid this time consuming behavior, you can use the self explaining commands

export BEAKER_destroy='no'

before a Beaker run and

export BEAKER_provision='no'

afterwards.

Commit style

Pre-commit checklist:

  • Do not check in commented out code or unneeded files.

  • Does your commit fix one single problem or add one single functionality?

  • Did you update the documentation in the README file?

  • Does your commit contain all unit, regression and acceptance testing necessary?

  • Do all tests pass?

    bundle exec rake spec
bundle exec rake beaker

  • Is your code clean and free of unnecessary whitespace?

    bundle exec rubocop -a
bundle exec rake lint
bundle exec rake validate
git diff --check

Commit message checklist:

  • Make sure Overcommit is set up correctly. It will automatically check your commit message for formal errors.

  • The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50 characters is the soft limit, excluding ticket number(s)), and should skip the full stop.

  • The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:

    • uses the imperative, present tense: "change", not "changed" or "changes".
    • includes motivation for the change, and contrasts its implementation with the previous behavior.

  • Describe the technical detail of the change(s). If your description starts to get too long, that is a good sign that you probably need to split up your commit into more finely grained pieces.

  • Commits which plainly describe the things which help reviewers check the patch and future developers understand the code are much more likely to be merged in with a minimum of bike-shedding or requested changes. Ideally, the commit message would include information, and be in a form suitable for inclusion in the release notes for the version of Puppet that includes them.

Mandatory legal statement

Open Source software inspires creativity, learning and collaboration. Legal troubles will kill all of these in an instant.

This module is provided free of charge and open to everyone (see LICENSE, tl;dr use at your own risk). To keep it this way and avoid legal trouble of any kind, we kindly ask every contributer to include the following statement verbatim in their commit messages:

By committing to this project I transfer the full copyright for my contributions to the current project maintainer as per the project's LICENSE file.

Thank you for your interest in contributing to this project.