[Feature Request] Separate "restrict to version X" and "install version X" functionalities

[DerekTBrown]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe

User Story

• As a user, I want to be able to enforce that all sub-folders in a given repository use Python X.X.X, but I don't want to require users to install Python X.X.X when they run asdf install in the root of the repository: I only want installation to happen when users run asdf install in a project sub-folder.
• This feature is critical for working in multi-langauge repositories: it prevents users from having to download a huge toolchain whenever they are working on a specific project.

Describe the proposed solution

Introduce two features:

1. noinstall
   Following a version in a .tool-versions file, a user can add noinstall:

golangci-lint 1.59.1 noinstall

This line is functionally skipped when running asdf install

2. inherit
   In place of a version in a .tool-versions file, a user can specify inherit:

golangci-lint inherit

Since this doesn't have the noinstall flag, the parent version would be installed.

Describe similar asdf features and why they are not sufficient

asdf doesn't have this functionality today.

Describe other workarounds you've considered

• Creating separate linters that look at .tool-versions file. This is clumsy.