LICENSE

$Id$

Legally speaking, this package and its contents are:

  Copyright 2009, Jonathan Yu <jawnsy@cpan.org>. All rights reserved.

But this is really just a legal technicality that allows the author to
offer this package under the public domain and also a variety of licensing
options. For all intents and purposes, this is public domain software,
which means you can do whatever you want with it. Really.

SUMMARY

I, the copyright holder of this package, hereby release the entire contents
therein into the public domain. This applies worldwide, to the extent that
it is permissible by law.

In case this is not legally possible, I grant any entity the right to use
this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions
are required by law.

If you so choose, or if you are legally compelled to do so, you may use
this software under the terms of your choice of the following licenses:

1. The MIT/X11 License; or,
2. The Perl Artistic License, version 1 or later; or,
3. The GNU General Public License, version 1 or later

For the sake of convenience, the full text of the latest versions of these
licenses (as of writing) follows.

RATIONALE

As the author/copyright holder/intellectual property owner, I want this
codebase to be as free (both as in freedom and free beer) as possible in
your jurisdiction. This software and the code contained herein is (to
the best of my knowledge) completely unencumbered by patents, copyright,
licensing restrictions, etc.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

The software is provided "AS IS", without warranty of any kind, express or
implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability,
fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall
the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages or other
liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising
from, out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings
in the software.

-------------- MIT/X11 License -------------- 

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

-------------- Artistic License (Version 2.0) -------------- 

Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

This license establishes the terms under which a given free software Package
may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed. The intent is that
the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic control over the development of
that Package while still keeping the Package available as open source and free
software.

You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this license
directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package. If the terms of this
license do not permit the full use that you propose to make of the Package,
you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek a different licensing
arrangement.

Definitions

"Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in the
copyright notice for the entire Package.

"Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other material to
the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's procedures.

"You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute, or
modify the Package.

"Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright Holder,
and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files. A given Package may
consist of either the Standard Version, or a Modified Version.

"Distribute" means providing a copy of the Package or making it accessible to
anyone else, or in the case of a company or organization, to others outside of
your company or organization.

"Distributor Fee" means any fee that you charge for Distributing this Package
or providing support for this Package to another party. It does not mean
licensing fees.

"Standard Version" refers to the Package if it has not been modified, or has
been modified only in ways explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.

"Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such changes
were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.

"Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the
Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may be
modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.

"Source" form means the source code, documentation source, and configuration
files for the Package.

"Compiled" form means the compiled bytecode, object code, binary, or any other
form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of the Source
form.

Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution

(1) You are permitted to use the Standard Version and create and use Modified
    Versions for any purpose without restriction, provided that you do not
    Distribute the Modified Version.

Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version

(2) You may Distribute verbatim copies of the Source form of the Standard
    Version of this Package in any medium without restriction, either gratis
    or for a Distributor Fee, provided that you duplicate all of the original
    copyright notices and associated disclaimers. At your discretion, such
    verbatim copies may or may not include a Compiled form of the Package.

(3) You may apply any bug fixes, portability changes, and other modifications
    made available from the Copyright Holder. The resulting Package will still
    be considered the Standard Version, and as such will be subject to the
    Original License.

Distribution of Modified Versions of the Package as Source

(4) You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis or for a
    Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of the Modified
    Version) provided that you clearly document how it differs from the
    Standard Version, including, but not limited to, documenting any
    non-standard features, executables, or modules, and provided that you do
    at least ONE of the following:

    (a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder of the
        Standard Version, under the Original License, so that the Copyright
        Holder may include your modifications in the Standard Version.
    (b) ensure that installation of your Modified Version does not prevent the
        user installing or running the Standard Version. In addition, the
        Modified Version must bear a name that is different from the name of
        the Standard Version.
    (c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the
        Source form of the Modified Version available to others under
        (i) the Original License or
        (ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and
             redistribute the Modified Version using the same licensing terms
             that apply to the copy that the licensee received, and requires
             that the Source form of the Modified Version, and of any works
             derived from it, be made freely available in that license fees
             are prohibited but Distributor Fees are allowed.

Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified Versions
without the Source

(5) You may Distribute Compiled forms of the Standard Version without the
    Source, provided that you include complete instructions on how to get the
    Source of the Standard Version. Such instructions must be valid at the
    time of your distribution. If these instructions, at any time while you
    are carrying out such distribution, become invalid, you must provide new
    instructions on demand or cease further distribution. If you provide valid
    instructions or cease distribution within thirty days after you become
    aware that the instructions are invalid, then you do not forfeit any of
    your rights under this license.

(6) You may Distribute a Modified Version in Compiled form without the Source,
    provided that you comply with Section 4 with respect to the Source of the
    Modified Version.

Aggregating or Linking the Package

(7) You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or Modified
    Version) with other packages and Distribute the resulting aggregation
    provided that you do not charge a licensing fee for the Package.
    Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing fees for other components
    in the aggregation are permitted. The terms of this license apply to the
    use and Distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions as included in
    the aggregation.

(8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with other works,
    to embed the Package in a larger work of your own, or to build stand-alone
    binary or bytecode versions of applications that include the Package, and
    Distribute the result without restriction, provided the result does not
    expose a direct interface to the Package.

Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version

(9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that merely
    extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves, cause the
    Package to be a Modified Version. In addition, such works are not
    considered parts of the Package itself, and are not subject to the terms
    of this license.

General Provisions

(10) Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified
     Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By using, modifying or
     distributing the Package, you accept this license. Do not use, modify,
     or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.

(11) If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version made by
     someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure that your
     Modified Version complies with the requirements of this license.

(12) This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark, service
     mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.

(13) This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge patent
     license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and
     otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims
     licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the
     Package. If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or
     counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes
     direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License to
     you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.

(14) Disclaimer of Warranty: THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
     AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES.
     THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
     YOUR LOCAL LAW. UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
     CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR
     CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THE PACKAGE,
     EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

-------------- The GNU General Public License (Version 3.0) --------------

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 3, 29 June 2007

Copyright (c) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and
other kinds of works.

The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take
away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General
Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all
versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its
users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License
for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way
by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our
General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to
distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you
receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the
software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can
do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these
rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain
responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify
it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for
a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received.
You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you
must show them these terms so they know their rights.

Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and
(2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute
    and/or modify it.

For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that
there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors'
sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that
their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous
versions.

Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified
versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so.
This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users' freedom
to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the
area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most
unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit
the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other
domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future
versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.

Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States
should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on
general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special
danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively
proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to
render the program non-free.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
follow.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.

  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
  works, such as semiconductor masks.

  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License.
  Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and "recipients" may be
  individuals or organizations.

  To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a
  fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact
  copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the earlier work
  or a work "based on" the earlier work.

  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the
  Program.

  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without permission,
  would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under
  applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a
  private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without
  modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other
  activities as well.

  To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties
  to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer
  network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.

  An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" to the
  extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that
  (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and
  (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
      extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work
      under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the
      interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a
      prominent item in the list meets this criterion.

1. Source Code.

  The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
  modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source form of a work.

  A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
  standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
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  The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other than
  the work as a whole, that
  (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which
      is not part of that Major Component, and
  (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to
      implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available
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  The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all the
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  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate
  automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.

  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.

2. Basic Permissions.

  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright
  on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met.
  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the
  unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by
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  as provided by copyright law.

  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
  without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You
  may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make
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  Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
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3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.

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  When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
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  the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third
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4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.

  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive
  it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish
  on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices
  stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with
  section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any
  warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the
  Program.

  You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you
  may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.

5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.

  You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce
  it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section
  4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
  a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and
     giving a relevant date.
  b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under
     this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement
     modifies the requirement in section 4 to "keep intact all notices".
  c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
     anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore
     apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole
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     License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it
     does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
  d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
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  A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works,
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  compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or
  legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works
  permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this
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6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.

  You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
  sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
  Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
  a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including
     a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source
     fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software
     interchange.
  b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including
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     or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses
     the object code either
     (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
         product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium
         customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than
         your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of
         source, or
     (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no
         charge.
  c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
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  d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis
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  e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you
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  A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from
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  A "User Product" is either
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  In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall
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  particular user, "normally used" refers to a typical or common use of that
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  "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, procedures,
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  modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified
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  If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
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  third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User
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  The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
  requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for
  a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User
  Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may
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  communication across the network.

  Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in
  accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented
  (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form),
  and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or
  copying.

7. Additional Terms.

  "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this License
  by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional
  permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as
  though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid
  under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the
  Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the
  entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the
  additional permissions.

  When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any
  additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional
  permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases
  when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material,
  added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate
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  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to
  a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that
  material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
  a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of
     sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
  b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
     attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
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  All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
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  received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
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  restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may
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  If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must
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  Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of
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8. Termination.

  You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided
  under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void,
  and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including
  any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).

  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from
  a particular copyright holder is reinstated
  (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
      finally terminates your license, and
  (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the
      violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

  Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
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  reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
  violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you
  cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
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  License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated,
  you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under
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9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a
  copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring
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  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a
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  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights
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11. Patents.

  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License
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  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims owned or
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  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the
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  (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for
      this particular work, or
  (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License,
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      recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or
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  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement,
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  (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies
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      or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any
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  available to you under applicable patent law.

12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.

  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to
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14. Revised Versions of this License.

  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the
  GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be
  similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
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  Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
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  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of
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  Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions.
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15. Disclaimer of Warranty.

  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
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16. Limitation of Liability.

  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
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17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above
  cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing
  courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute
  waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a
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