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<!doctype html>
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<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
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content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"
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<meta
content="Parcels is a set of Python classes and methods to create customisable particle tracking simulations using output from Ocean Circulation models"
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</head>
<body>
<!-- Navigation -->
<nav
class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark fixed-top"
>
<div class="container">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html"
><img height="30px" src="images/parcelslogo_inverse.png" /> Ocean<b
>Parcels</b
></a
>
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<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#whatisparcels">What is Parcels?</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a
class="nav-link"
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/installation.html"
>Installation</a
>
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>
<div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block">
<h4>Animation of virtual particles in the global oceans</h4>
<p>
Particles are advected with Parcels in data from the NEMO Ocean
Model
<a href="https://www.nemo-ocean.eu/"
><i
class="fa fa-external-link fa-1x"
style="color: white"
></i></a
><br />
See
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/documentation_homepage_animation.html"
style="color: white"
>this tutorial
<i class="fa fa-external-link fa-1x" style="color: white"></i
></a>
for the code to animate this gif.
</p>
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<div class="container">
<hr />
<h2 id="whatisparcels">What is Ocean<b>Parcels</b>?</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="col align-self-center">
<p class="card-text">
The Ocean<b>Parcels</b> project develops
<b>Parcels</b> (<b>P</b>robably <b>A</b> <b>R</b>eally
<b>C</b>omputationally <b>E</b>fficient <b>L</b>agrangian
<b>S</b>imulator), a set of Python classes and methods to create
customisable particle tracking simulations using output from Ocean
Circulation models. Parcels can be used to track passive and active
particulates such as water, plankton,
<a href="http://www.topios.org/">plastic</a> and
<a href="https://github.com/Jacketless/IKAMOANA">fish</a>.
</p>
<p>
The code from the Ocean<b>Parcels</b> project is licensed under an
open source
<a
href="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels/blob/master/LICENSE.md"
>MIT license</a
>
and can be downloaded from
<a href="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels"
>github.com/OceanParcels/parcels</a
>
or installed via
<a href="https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/parcels"
>anaconda.org/conda-forge/parcels</a
>:
</p>
<p>
<a
href="https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/OceanParcels/parcels/master?labpath=docs%2Fexamples%2Fparcels_tutorial.ipynb"
><img src="https://mybinder.org/badge_logo.svg"
/></a>
<a href="https://github.com/oceanparcels/parcels/"
><img
src="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels/actions/workflows/unit-tests.yml/badge.svg"
/></a>
<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/OceanParcels/parcels"
><img
src="https://codecov.io/gh/OceanParcels/parcels/branch/master/graph/badge.svg"
/></a>
<a href="https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/parcels/"
><img
src="https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/parcels/badges/version.svg"
/></a>
<a href="https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/parcels/"
><img
src="https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/parcels/badges/latest_release_date.svg"
/></a>
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.823561"
><img
src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.823561.svg"
/></a>
<a href="https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/5353"
><img
src="https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/5353/badge"
/></a>
</p>
<p>
The manuscript detailing this first release of Parcels, version 0.9,
has been published in
<a
href="https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/10/4175/2017/gmd-10-4175-2017.html"
>Geoscientific Model Development</a
>
and can be cited as:
</p>
<p></p>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5 class="mb-0">
Parcels v0.9: prototyping a Lagrangian Ocean Analysis framework
for the petascale age
</h5>
Lange, M and E van Sebille (2017),
<i>Geoscientific Model Development</i>, <i>10</i>, 4175-4186
<br />
<a
aria-expanded="true"
class="collapsed card-link"
data-toggle="collaps5"
href="#LangeVanSebille1"
>[ Expand abstract]</a
>
<a
class="card-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4175-2017"
><i class="fa fa-external-link fa-1x"></i> [ Link to article -
<i class="ai ai-open-access ai-1x"></i> ]</a
>
</div>
<div class="collapse" id="LangeVanSebille1" role="tabpanel">
<div class="card-body">
As ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) move into the
petascale age, where the output of single simulations exceeds
petabytes of storage space, tools to analyse the output of these
models will need to scale up too. Lagrangian ocean analysis,
where virtual particles are tracked through hydrodynamic fields,
is an increasingly popular way to analyse OGCM output, by
mapping pathways and connectivity of biotic and abiotic
particulates. However, the current software stack of Lagrangian
ocean analysis codes is not dynamic enough to cope with the
increasing complexity, scale and need for customization of
use-cases. Furthermore, most community codes are developed for
stand-alone use, making it a nontrivial task to integrate
virtual particles at runtime of the OGCM. Here, we introduce the
new Parcels code, which was designed from the ground up to be
sufficiently scalable to cope with petascale computing. We
highlight its API design that combines flexibility and
customization with the ability to optimize for HPC workflows,
following the paradigm of domain-specific languages. Parcels is
primarily written in Python, utilizing the wide range of tools
available in the scientific Python ecosystem, while generating
low-level C code and using just-in-time compilation for
performance-critical computation. We show a worked-out example
of its API, and validate the accuracy of the code against seven
idealized test cases. This version 0.9 of Parcels is focused on
laying out the API, with future work concentrating on support
for curvilinear grids, optimization, efficiency and at-runtime
coupling with OGCMs.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p></p>
<p>
The manuscript detailing version 2.0 of Parcels is available at
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-339"
>Geoscientific Model Development</a
>
and can be cited as:
</p>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5 class="mb-0">
The Parcels v2.0 Lagrangian framework: new field interpolation
schemes
</h5>
Delandmeter, P and E van Sebille (2019),
<i>Geoscientific Model Development</i>, <i>12</i>, 3571–3584<br />
<a
aria-expanded="true"
class="collapsed card-link"
data-toggle="collapse"
href="#DelandmeterVanSebille1"
>[ Expand abstract]</a
>
<a
class="card-link"
href="https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/12/3571/2019/gmd-12-3571-2019.html"
><i class="fa fa-external-link fa-1x"></i> [ Link to article -
<i class="ai ai-open-access ai-1x"></i> ]</a
>
</div>
<div class="collapse" id="DelandmeterVanSebille1" role="tabpanel">
<div class="card-body">
With the increasing amount of data produced by numerical ocean
models, so increases the need for efficient tools to analyse
these data. One of these tools is Lagrangian ocean analysis,
where a set of virtual particles are released and their dynamics
is integrated in time based on fields defining the ocean state,
including the hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry if available.
This popular methodology needs to adapt to the large variety of
models producing these fields at different formats. This is
precisely the aim of Parcels, a Lagrangian ocean analysis
framework designed to combine (1) a wide flexibility to model
particles of different natures and (2) an efficient
implementation in accordance with modern computing
infrastructure. In the new Parcels v2.0, we implement a set of
interpolation schemes to read various types of discretised
fields, from rectilinear to curvilinear grids in the horizontal
direction, from z- to s- levels in the vertical and different
variable distributions such as the Arakawa's A-, B- and C-
grids. In particular, we develop a new interpolation scheme for
a three-dimensional curvilinear C-grid and analyse its
properties. Parcels v2.0 capabilities, including a suite of
meta-field objects, are then illustrated in a brief study of the
distribution of floating microplastic in the North West European
continental shelf and its sensitivity to different physical
processes.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p></p>
<p>
The manuscript detailing the performance of Parcels is available at
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2023.105322"
>Computers and Geosciences</a
>
and can be cited as:
</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5 class="mb-0">
Efficiently simulating Lagrangian particles in large-scale
ocean flows — Data structures and their impact on
geophysical applications
</h5>
Kehl, C, PD Nooteboom, MLA Kaandorp, E van Sebille (2023),
<i>Computers and Geosciences</i>, <i>175</i>, 105322.<br />
<a
aria-expanded="true"
class="collapsed card-link"
data-toggle="collapse"
href="#Kehl2023_top"
>[ Expand abstract ]</a
>
<a
class="card-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2023.105322"
><i class="fa fa-external-link fa-1x"></i> [ Link to article
- <i class="ai ai-open-access ai-1x"></i>]</a
>
</div>
<div class="collapse" id="Kehl2023_top" role="tabpanel">
<div class="card-body">
Studying oceanography by using Lagrangian simulations has
been adopted for a range of scenarios, such as the
determining the fate of microplastics in the ocean,
simulating the origin locations of microplankton used for
palaeoceanographic reconstructions, for studying the impact
of fish aggregation devices on the migration behaviour of
tuna. These simulations are complex and represent a
considerable runtime effort to obtain trajectory results,
which is the prime motivation for enhancing the performance
of Lagrangian particle simulators. This paper assesses
established performance enhancing techniques from Eulerian
simulators in light of computational conditions and demands
of Lagrangian simulators. A performance enhancement strategy
specifically targeting physics-based Lagrangian particle
simulations is outlined to address the performance gaps, and
techniques for closing the performance gap are presented and
implemented. Realistic experiments are derived from three
specific oceanographic application scenarios, and the
suggested performance-enhancing techniques are benchmarked
in detail, so to allow for a good attribution of speed-up
measurements to individual techniques. The impacts and
insights of the performance enhancement strategy are further
discussed for Lagrangian simulations in other geoscience
applications. The experiments show that I/O-enhancing
techniques, such as dynamic loading and buffering, lead to
considerable speed-up on-par with an idealised
parallelisation of the process over 20 nodes. Conversely,
while the cache-efficient structure-of-arrays collection
yields a visible speed-up, other alternative data structures
fail in fulfilling the theoretically-expected performance
increase. This insight demonstrates the importance of good
data alignment in memory and caches for Lagrangian physics
simulations.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<h2 id="installing">Installing Parcels</h2>
See
<a href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/installation.html"
>the Installation page</a
>
for a step-by-step guide on how to install Parcels through Miniconda.
<hr />
<h2 id="tutorials">Parcels tutorials</h2>
See
<a href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/documentation.html"
>the Documentation and Tutorials page</a
>
for links to a set of tutorials and examples that will help you get
started with Parcels.
<hr />
<h2 id="developmentstatus">Parcels development status</h2>
The current release of Parcels, version 3.0, is a fully-functional,
feature-complete code for offline Lagrangian ocean analysis. See below for
a list of features, or keep an eye on the
<a href="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels/projects/1"
>Github Development Timeline page</a
>
<p></p>
<h4>Major features</h4>
<div class="card-columns">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Advection of particles in 2D and 3D</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>Using built-in kernels for
<code class="language-python">Runge-Kutta4</code>,
<code class="language-python">Runge-Kutta45</code> and
<code class="language-python">Euler Forward</code></small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Horizontal diffusion of particles</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>Through built-in advection-diffusion kernels using the
<code class="language-python">Milstein</code> and
<code class="language-python">Euler-Maruyama</code> schemes. See
the
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/tutorial_diffusion.html"
>diffusion tutorial</a
>.</small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Define and execute custom kernels</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>See the
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/parcels_tutorial.html#Adding-a-custom-behaviour-kernel"
>Adding-a-custom-behaviour-kernel</a
>
part of the Parcels tutorial</small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Add custom Variables to Particles</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>See the
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/parcels_tutorial.html#Sampling-a-Field-with-Particles"
>sampling a Field with Particles</a
>
part of the Parcels tutorial</small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Combine Fields on different grids for advection</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>See the
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/tutorial_NestedFields.html"
>NestedFields</a
>
tutorial</small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Start and remove Particles during execution.</h5>
<small class="text-muted">
See the
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/tutorial_delaystart.html"
>delayed start tutorial</a
></small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>
Read in hydrodynamic data from any rectilinear or curvilinear
horizontal grid
</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>see the
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/parcels_tutorial.html#Reading-in-data-from-arbritrary-NetCDF-files"
>reading in data from arbitrary NetCDF files</a
>
part of the Parcels tutorial</small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>
Output particle data in <a href="https://zarr.dev">zarr</a> format
</h5>
<small class="text-muted"></small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p></p>
<h4>Experimental features</h4>
<div class="card-columns">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Parallel execution</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>Implementing advanced load balancing techniques. See
<a href="#parallel_install">here for installation instructions</a>
and
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/documentation_MPI.html"
>here for further documentation</a
></small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Compute particles in any vertical coordinate model</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>z-level, sigma-level (terrain-following), or rho-level
(density-following). The latter either in time-fixed or
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/tutorial_timevaryingdepthdimensions.html"
>time-varying coordinates</a
></small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Particle-Particle interaction</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>Support for rudimentary particle-particle interaction, see
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/tutorial_interaction.html"
>this tutorial</a
>
</small>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Particle-Field interaction</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>Support for particles that change a Field (in
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/tutorial_jit_vs_scipy.html"
>Scipy-mode</a
>
only), see
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/tutorial_particle_field_interaction.html"
>this tutorial</a
>
</small>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Advection in 2D and 3D using Analytical Advection</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>Using
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/tutorial_analyticaladvection.html"
>inbuilt kernel</a
>
for
<code class="language-python">AdvectionAnalytical</code></small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Advanced control of particles near land boundaries</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>By for example implementing
<a
href="https://docs.oceanparcels.org/en/latest/examples/documentation_unstuck_Agrid.html"
>free- and partial-slip boundary conditions</a
></small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Complex three-dimensional particle diffusion</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
><a href="https://public.yoda.uu.nl/science/UU01/RXA2PB.html"
>Kernels</a
>
for particle diffusion in three dimensions for nontrivial
diffusivity tensors.</small
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p></p>
<h4>Future development goals</h4>
<div class="card-columns">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Support for unstructured grids</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>Support data from hydrodynamic models with fully unstructured
grids</small
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab">
<h5>Dynamic adding of particles</h5>
<small class="text-muted"
>Create new particles during runtime from within a kernel</small
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4 mb-4">
<div class="card h-100">
<h5 class="card-header">
<a
class="tutorialLink"
href="https://nbviewer.org/github/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/bathymetry_plot_cartopy.ipynb"
onclick="captureGalleryLink('bathymetry_plot_cartopy');"
>
Plot bathymetric data
</a>
</h5>
<div class="card-body">
<a
href="https://nbviewer.org/github/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/bathymetry_plot_cartopy.ipynb"
onclick="captureGalleryLink('bathymetry_plot_cartopy');"
><img
alt=""
class="card-img-top team-photo"
src="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/raw/main/images/bathymetry_plot_cartopy.png"
/></a>
<p class="card-text">
A notebook to plot bathymetry with continental
contoured-geometries. The used colour map is 'cmo.ice'. Created
by <a href="https://github.com/cpierard">Claudio Pierard</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="card-footer">
<a
href="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/bathymetry_plot_cartopy.ipynb"
><img
src="https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=&message=GitHub&color=blue&logo=github"
/></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4 mb-4">
<div class="card h-100">
<h5 class="card-header">
<a
class="tutorialLink"
href="https://nbviewer.org/github/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/parcels_trails.ipynb"
onclick="captureGalleryLink('parcels_trails');"
>
Animating particles with trails
</a>
</h5>
<div class="card-body">
<a
href="https://nbviewer.org/github/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/parcels_trails.ipynb"
onclick="captureGalleryLink('parcels_trails');"
><img
alt=""
class="card-img-top team-photo"
src="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/raw/main/images/parcels_trails.png"
/></a>
<p class="card-text">
A notebook to animate particles with their vanishing trails over
past timesteps in an unsteady doublegyre fluid. The background
shows the absolute velocity magnitude. Created by
<a href="https://github.com/CKehl">Christian Kehl</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="card-footer">
<a
href="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/parcels_trails.ipynb"
><img
src="https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=&message=GitHub&color=blue&logo=github"
/></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4 mb-4">
<div class="card h-100">
<h5 class="card-header">
<a
class="tutorialLink"
href="https://nbviewer.org/github/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/Animation_example_Laura.ipynb"
onclick="captureGalleryLink('Animation_example_Laura');"
>
Animating particles with tidal background flow
</a>
</h5>
<div class="card-body">
<a
href="https://nbviewer.org/github/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/Animation_example_Laura.ipynb"
onclick="captureGalleryLink('Animation_example_Laura');"
><img
alt=""
class="card-img-top team-photo"
src="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/raw/main/images/Animation_example_Laura.png"
/></a>
<p class="card-text">
A notebook animating particles with a tidally-influenced flow
field, animated with continental contoured-geometries using
cartopy. Created by
<a href="https://github.com/LauraGomezNavarro"
>Laura Navarro Gomez</a
>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="card-footer">
<a
href="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/Animation_example_Laura.ipynb"
><img
src="https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=&message=GitHub&color=blue&logo=github"
/></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4 mb-4">
<div class="card h-100">
<h5 class="card-header">
<a
class="tutorialLink"
href="https://nbviewer.org/github/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/Animation_RotatingEarth.ipynb"
onclick="captureGalleryLink('Animation_RotatingEarth');"
>
Animating data on a rotating sphere
</a>
</h5>
<div class="card-body">
<a
href="https://nbviewer.org/github/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/Animation_RotatingEarth.ipynb"
onclick="captureGalleryLink('Animation_RotatingEarth');"
><img
alt=""
class="card-img-top team-photo"
src="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/raw/main/images/RotatingEarth.png"
/></a>
<p class="card-text">
A notebook animating data on a rotating Earth using cartopy.
Created by
<a href="https://github.com/pdnooteboom">Peter Nooteboom</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="card-footer">
<a
href="https://github.com/OceanParcels/parcels_gallery/blob/main/scripts_ipynb/Animation_RotatingEarth.ipynb"
><img
src="https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=&message=GitHub&color=blue&logo=github"
/></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<h2 id="peerreviewedarticles">Peer-reviewed articles using Parcels</h2>
See <a href="articles.html">the Articles page</a> for a list of
peer-reviewed articles using Parcels.
<hr />
<h2 id="projects">Projects using Parcels</h2>
<div class="card-deck align-items-center">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-6" style="margin-top: 20px">
<div class="card">
<a href="http://plastic.oceanparcels.org">
<img
alt=""
class="card-img-top"
src="images/plasticparcelslogo.png"
/>
<div class="card-footer">
<p class="card-text text-center">
Plastic<strong>Parcels</strong> uses the Ocean<strong
>Parcels</strong
>
framework to simulate the transport and dispersion of plastics
in the ocean.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-6" style="margin-top: 20px">
<div class="card">
<a href="http://topios.org/">
<img
alt=""
class="card-img-top"
src="images/reservoirschematic_forB2.png"
/>
<div class="card-footer">
<p class="card-text text-center">
The TOPIOS project uses the Ocean<strong>Parcels</strong>
framework to create a 3D map of the plastic polluting our
oceans
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-6" style="margin-top: 20px">
<div class="card">
<a href="http://adrift-project.com/">
<img
alt=""
class="card-img-top"
src="images/Adrift_v1_darkbackground.png"
/>
<div class="card-footer">
<p class="card-text text-center">
The Adrift Project uses the Ocean<strong>Parcels</strong>
framework to simulate microbe transport in the ocean
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-6" style="margin-top: 20px">
<div class="card">
<a href="https://planktondrift.science.uu.nl/">
<img alt="" class="card-img-top" src="images/planktondrift.png" />
<div class="card-footer">
<p class="card-text text-center">
Planktondrift.org uses the Ocean<strong>Parcels</strong>
framework to simulate sinking plankton in the ocean
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<h2 id="funding">Parcels funding and support</h2>
<p>
Parcels development has been supported by the following organisations:
</p>
<img class="img-fluid" src="images/funderlogos.png" />
<p></p>
<ul>
<li>
The European Research Council under the H2020 Starting Grant
<a href="http://topios.org">TOPIOS</a> project (grant agreement No
715386).
</li>
<li>
The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
<a href="https://immerse-ocean.eu/">IMMERSE</a> project (grant
agreement No 821926)
</li>
<li>
The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
<a href="https://www.atlanteco.eu/">AtlantECO</a> project (grant
agreement No 862923)
</li>
<li>
The Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the Backward Lagrangian
Tracking of the Patchiness of Oceanic Nutrients in a Turbulent Ocean
project (grant agreement OCENW.KLEIN.085)
</li>
<li>
The Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the Dynamics and climatic
imprint of the early Antarctic Circumpolar Current project (grant
agreement ALWOP.207)
</li>
<li>
The Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the Tracing Marine
Macroplastics by Unravelling the Ocean's Multiscale Dispersion
Patterns project (grant agreement VI.C.222.025)
</li>
<li>
The European Space Agency (ESA) through the
<a href="https://www.skim-ee9.org/"
>Sea surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) Mission Science
(SciSoc) Study</a
>
(Contract 4000124734/18/NL/CT/gp)
</li>
<li>
The Pacific Community through the
<a
href="https://www.uu.nl/en/news/rdm-support-added-a-unique-feature-to-the-oceanparcels-code-thats-how-we-reeled-in-funding-for-a-new"
>Application of Parcels to simulate the spatial and temporal
movements of tuna to optimise designs of tuna tagging
experiments"</a
>
project.
</li>
<li>