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系统安装(We now going to binary and source mix mode)

制作启动u盘

分区

/dev/sda1 ==> /boot
/dev/sda2 ==> swap分区
/dev/sda3 ==> /
/dev/sda4 ==> /home

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4

挂载相应分区,安装stage3

mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot

cd /mnt/gentoo
tar Jxvf stage3-amd64-openrc-20240107T170309Z.tar.xz --xattrs

make.conf(/mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf)内容如下

CFLAGS="-O2 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
USE="bindist mmx sse sse2 dbus policykit udev udisks icu"
PORTDIR="/usr/portage"
DISTDIR="${PORTDIR}/distfiles"
PKGDIR="${PORTDIR}/packages"
GENTOO_MIRRORS="http://mirrors.sohu.com/gentoo/ http://mirrors.163.com/gentoo/"
MAKEOPTS="-j8"

/etc/fstab内容

/dev/sda1       /boot   ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/sda2       none    swap    sw      0       0
/dev/sda3       /       ext4    noatime 0       1
/dev/sda4       /home   ext4    noatime 0       3

拷贝DNS信息

cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/

安装portage

tar Jxvf portage-20240111.tar.xz -C /mnt/gentoo/usr/

挂载必要目录

mount -t proc proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys
mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys
mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev

chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
source /etc/profile

select profile

eselect profile set 1
[1]   default/linux/amd64/17.1 (stable) *

下载编译内核代码

emerge sys-kernel/gentoo-sources
emerge sys-kernel/genkernel
ln -s /usr/src/linux-6.1.67-gentoo /usr/src/linux
genkernel all

安装grub

emerge sys-boot/grub
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --removable
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

配置主机名

nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname
hostname="homepc"

配置网络文件(假设网卡是eth0/wlan0, 替换实际名字)

/etc/conf.d/net

config_eth0="dhcp"

modules_wlan0="wpa_supplicant"
config_wlan0="dhcp"

cd /etc/init.d
ln -s net.lo net.eth0
rc-update add net.eth0 default

修改root密码

passwd root

安装到这里最好重启系统后再安装后面的桌面环境

关于passwd

新版本pam的默认配置被修改为强口令

This system is configured to permit randomly generated passwords only

修改对应文件解决该问题

场景1:

文件/etc/pam.d/passwd中有对password的配置

password    include     system-auth

对应的文件是/etc/pam.d/system-auth,其中有配置password的文件

password    required    pam_passwdqc.so config=/etc/security/passwdqc.conf

其中passwdqc.conf(可以man passwdqc.conf)

min=0,0,0,0,0
max=40
enforce=none #需要将enforce修改为none
retry=3

场景2:(文件/etc/pam.d/passwd内容如下)

@include common-password

说明其依赖写在当前目录下common-password文件,内容如下

# here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block)
password        requisite                       pam_pwquality.so retry=3
password        [success=1 default=ignore]      pam_unix.so use_authtok
try_first_pass sha512
# here's the fallback if no module succeeds
password        requisite                       pam_deny.so
# prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already;
# this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code
# since the modules above will each just jump around
password        required                        pam_permit.so

其中第一条中依赖pam_pwquality.so(这个对应文件/etc/security/pwquality.conf)

将其内容修改成如下就可以任意配置弱密码

minlen = 0
minclass = 0
dictcheck = 0
enforcing = 0

不需要安装图形界面的话安装到这里就可以了

安装KDE桌面环境

选择适当的profile

eselect profile set 6

添加下面的几个USE

USE＝"...dbus policykit udev udisks"

更新系统USE

emerge --changed-use --deep @world

安装KDE组件

emerge kde-apps/kdebase-meta

安装xserver

#emerge xorg-x11
emerge xorg-server

安装X需要的组件

emerge twm xclock xterm

测试X window是否安装成功

startx

安装Display Manager(slim)

emerge x11-misc/slim

X window Display Manager(/etc/conf.d/xdm)

DISPLAYMANAGER="slim"

Slim的配置文件

/etc/slim.conf

其中启动会话命令如下(可以配置使用.xinitrc)

# login_cmd           exec /bin/sh - ~/.xinitrc %session
# login_cmd           exec /bin/bash -login ~/.xinitrc %session
login_cmd           exec /bin/bash -login /usr/share/slim/Xsession %session

添加开机默认启动

rc-update add xdm default

修改KDE配置文件(/usr/share/config/kdm/kdmrc),让root可以登入

AllowRootlogon = true

kconsole solarized

参考链接

Just copy-n-paste this into your favourite shell:

if [ -d ~/.kde4 ]; then
	wget -qO ~/.kde4/share/apps/konsole/Solarized\ Light.colorscheme "https://raw.github.com/phiggins/konsole-colors-solarized/master/Solarized%20Light.colorscheme"
	wget -qO ~/.kde4/share/apps/konsole/Solarized\ Dark.colorscheme "https://raw.github.com/phiggins/konsole-colors-solarized/master/Solarized%20Dark.colorscheme"
else
	wget -qO ~/.kde/share/apps/konsole/Solarized\ Light.colorscheme "https://raw.github.com/phiggins/konsole-colors-solarized/master/Solarized%20Light.colorscheme"
	wget -qO ~/.kde/share/apps/konsole/Solarized\ Dark.colorscheme "https://raw.github.com/phiggins/konsole-colors-solarized/master/Solarized%20Dark.colorscheme"
fi

After that, you only have to select the appropriate color profile (Settings —> Edit current profile —> Appearance).

让tmux自动加载.bashrc文件在.bash_profile文件里添加下面这句话

. ~/.bashrc

添加新用户zeroway 默认组为users,附加组为adm,sys

useradd  -m -g users -G adm,sys -s /bin/bash zeroway
passwd zeroway

添加用户zeroway到video, docker组

sudo gpasswd -M zeroway video
sudo gpasswd -M zeroway docker

安装sudo

emerge sudo

在/etc/sudoers中添加一行设置相应的用户比如

zeroway ALL=(ALL) ALL

sudo的时候能自动补全

emerge bash-completion
echo "complete -cf sudo" >> /home/mobz/.bashrc

virtual box 安装

emerge app-emulation/virtualbox-bin
gpasswd -a zeroway vboxusers
emerge -1 @module-rebuild
modprobe vboxdrv

将虚拟机驱动模块加入到系统启动加载模块中

在/etc/conf.d/modules中添加下面一行

modules="vboxdrv"

Dbus & consolekit

添加dbus 和 consolekit 默认启动

解决开机警告：Warning: Cannot open ConsoleKit session: Unable to open session: Failed to connect to socket /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: No such file or directory.

rc-update add dbus default
rc-update add consolekit default

NetworkManager(删除系统默认的网络管理,以太网卡名eth0)

rc-update del net.eth0
rm /etc/conf.d/net
rm  /etc/init.d/net.eth0

安装NetworkManager和networkmanagement

emerge net-misc/networkmanager
emerge kde-misc/networkmanagement

之后需要添加相应的widget才可以看到有系统托盘出现

rc-update add NetworkManager  default

安装字体和输入法等

emerge wqy-zenhei wqy-microhei wqy-bitmapfont wqy-unibit arphicfonts corefonts ttf-bitstream-vera
emerge fcitx fcitx-sunpinyin fcitx-libpinyin fcitx-cloudpinyin fcitx-configtool

在~/.xprofile里或~/.bashrc里添加如下内容

在每个用户目录下都要有这个才能使用输入法

export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
eval "$(dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session)"

有些应用无法弹出输入法框时通过诊断看看

fcitx-diagnose

gtk2/gtk3/qt都有对应的安装包,比如qt5的应用(qutebrowser)需要安装下面的包

app-i18n/fcitx-qt5

列出已安装的字体(使能一个字体)

eselect fontconfig list
eselect fontconfig enable 911

设置时区和区域

查看可用的时区

ls /usr/share/zoneinfo

OpenRC设置时区

echo 'Asia/Chongqing' > /etc/timezone
emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data

ntp同步时间

emerge net-misc/ntp
ntpdate -b -u 0.gentoo.pool.ntp.org

设置locale(/etc/locale.gen 中添加下面内容):

en_US ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN GB18030
zh_CN.GBK GBK
zh_CN.GB2312 GB2312
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

保存执行locale-gen

locale-gen

在/etc/env.d/100i18n中添加如下内容

LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"

安装完成后重启添加pinyin输入法

Desktop Manager设置

配置文件

/etc/conf.d/xdm

指定使用什么作为Display Manager[ slim | xdm | gdm | kdm | gpe | entrance ]

如果是

DISPLAYMANAGER="xdm"

则需要将xdm添加到默认启动项里

rc-update xdm default

如果是

DISPLAYMANAGER="slim"

则会执行~/.xsession中的内容(比如下面)

exec startkde

添加可执行权限

chmod u+x ~/.xsession

也需要将xdm添加到默认启动项里

rc-update add xdm default